EARTH DAY for GLOBALWARMING

The researchers predicted, the Arctic Sea (poles) will be free of ice in summer within the next decade. After the spring over, the researchers re-measured the thickness of the ice along the 450 mile route across the Beaufort Sea. They found most of the ice is very thin.

Expedition leader and a sea ice expert from the University of Cambridge, Peter Wadhams, said in the spring of last year's average ice thickness is only 1.8 meters, indicating the age of the layer was about one year. Meanwhile, the ice that had for years about 3 meters.

Thin layer becomes important indications concerning the condition of ice in the Arctic Sea. "Simply put, the thin ice will disappear in an instant ice began to melt season," he said. Wind and ocean currents could also break the thin ice. Broken ice floating freely and be easily driven into the area warmer waters and melt. Catlin Arctic Survey and the international conservation group WWF supports these findings.

The situation in the Arctic ice is very influenced climate and natural conditions. Sea ice conditions in the Arctic is often also associated with climate change and global warming.

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com — Jauh dari gambaran lembut seperti dilukiskan mitologi-mitologi kuno, Dewi Pertiwi sesungguhnya gampang senewen dan meledak-ledak.

Dia begitu peka sehingga sedikit saja cuaca dan iklim berubah, maka tercabiklah kerak bumi, dan keluarlah letusan vulkanik, gempa bumi dan longsor yang semuanya dahsyat.

Pernyataan itu bukan dari pendongeng, melainkan kesimpulan sejumlah ilmuwan yang pertengahan September 2009 berkumpul di London, Inggris, pada satu konferensi bertajuk "Climate Forcing of Geological and Geomorphological Hazards".

Para ilmuwan itu menilai perubahan iklim bisa merusak keseimbangan planet Bumi, kemudian menghadiahi manusia dengan rangkaian bencana geologis.

Sudah lama diketahui bahwa antara iklim dan pergerakan kerak bumi saling berkaitan, namun baru kini ditegaskan bahwa betapa pekanya lapisan bumi terhadap udara, es dan air di atasnya.

"Anda tak perlu perubahan besar-besaran untuk memancing respons kerak bumi," kata Bill McGuire dari University College London (UCL), ketua konferensi ilmuwan itu.

Simon Dya dari Universitas Oxford, serta McGuire dan Serge Guillas dari UCL, memaparkan bukti, bagaimana perubahan halus pada tingkat permukaan laut mempengaruhi kegempaan di Patahan Pasifik Timur, salah satu batas lempeng benua yang menjadi mekar paling cepat.

Para ilmuwan memokuskan perhatian pada lempeng mini Easter - lempeng tektonik yang menghampar di bawah samudera di lepas pantai Pulau Easter - karena lempeng ini relatif terisolir dari sesar-sesar lain.

Fokus ini mempermudah upaya membedakan perubahan-perubahan dalam lempeng tektonik yang terjadi karena sistem iklim, dari yang tercipta akibat tumbukan.

Sejak 1973, datangnya gelombang El Nino setiap sekian tahun berkorelasi dengan frekuensi gempa bawah laut berkekuatan magnituda 4 dan 6.

Ilmuwan yakin, kemunculan El Nino dan terjadinya gempa bawah laut itu berkaitan. El Nino menaikkan permukaan air laut sampai puluhan centimeter. Ilmuwan juga yakin berat air ekstra bisa meningkatkan tekanan aliran fluida dalam pori-pori batuan dasar laut.

Tekanan ini cukup menetralisir energi geseran yang menyangga batuan agar tetap di tempatnya, sehingga sesar-sesar menjadi mudah bergeser. "Perubahan pada tingkat permukaan laut terjadi pelan dan usikan kecil saja bisa berdampak luar biasa besar," kata Day.

Letusan Vulkanik

Perubahan kecil di samudera itu juga dapat mempengaruhi letusan vulkanik, sambung David Pyle dari Universitas Oxford.

Setelah meneliti letusan-letusan vulkanik dalam 300 tahun terakhir, Pyle menilai karakter vulkanisme (aktivitas vulkanik) berbeda-beda, tergantung musim.

Katanya, letusan vulkanik di seluruh dunia 20 persen lebih sering terjadi di musim dingin (belahan bumi utara) ketimbang di musim panas.

Itu karena tingkat permukaan air laut global turun perlahan selama musim dingin, dan berhubung daratan lebih banyak di belahan utara, maka air menjadi lebih banyak membeku menjadi es dan salju selama musim dingin (belahan selatan).

Sementara itu, kebanyakan gunung api teraktif di dunia hanya puluhan kilometer dari pantai. Ini menunjukkan, penyusutan bobot samudera di tepi benua yang terjadi secara musiman akibat menurunnya permukaan air laut, bisa memicu letusan vulkanik di seluruh dunia, ulas Pyle.

Pandangan tentang beberapa gunung api meletus saat permukaan air laut turun, tak berarti naiknya permukaan laut akibat perubahan iklim, akan menekan aktivitas vulkanik.

Di Alaska, Gunung Pavlof lebih sering meletus pada bulan-bulan di musim dingin, sementara penelitian awal Steve McNutt dari Observatorium Gunung Api menyimpulkan, naiknya permukaan laut 30 cm setiap musim dingin, terjadi karena rendahnya tekanan udara dan kuatnya gelombang badai.

Lokasi Gunung Api Pavlof berada menunjukkan, bobot tambahan di samudera terdekat bisa menekan magma ke permukaan.

Di wilayah lain, berat estra samudera saat tingkat permukaan laut naik, bisa melengkungkan kerak bumi dan mengurangi pemampatan sehingga magma menjadi lebih mudah mencapai permukaan di gunung-gunung api terdekat, kata McGuire.

Semua contoh itu agaknya saling bertentangan, namun intinya setiap perubahan permukaan laut bisa mengubah tekanan di tepi benua yang cukup untuk memicu letusan gunung berapi yang sudah siap meletus, kata McGuire.

Perubahan kecil dalam curah hujan bisa juga memicu letusan vulkanik. Pada 2001, letusan besar di gunung api Soufriere Hills di Pulau Montserrat di Karibia terjadi karena tingginya curah hujan.

Curah hujan yang tinggi ini menggoyahkan kubah gunung api hingga cukup untuk memuntahkan magma dalam perut gunung api.

Kini, hujan tropis tampaknya sudah umum dianggap bisa memicu letusan gunung api, sedangkan menurut model ilmiah iklim, banyak kawasan, termasuk daerah tropis, bertambah panas akibat perubahan iklim.

Adrian Matthews dari Universitas East Anglia dan para koleganya, meneliti respons menit ke menit gunung berapi Montserrat setelah dikenai lebih dari 200 rangsangan selama tiga tahun. Tim peneliti menemukan, respons itu terlihat dari meningkatnya aktivitas vulkanik selama dua hari.

Hujan harian meningkatkan kemungkinan keroposnya kubah gunung api dari 1,5 sampai 16 persen sehingga tak perlu menunggu hujan besar. "Anda juga tak perlu badai (untuk menggerogoti kubah gunung)," kata Matthews.

Lapisan Es

Mungkin hambatan geologis terbesar selama perubahan iklim adalah dampak mencairnya lapisan es. Di samping risiko bahwa sedimen-sedimen goyah yang muncul karena es mencair bisa menyelinap masuk laut sebagai longsor pemicu tsunami, tanggalnya lapisan es juga bisa memicu letusan gunung api.

"Bahkan penciutan (lapisan es) puluhan sentimeter saja sudah cukup menciptakan perubahan," kata Andrew Russell dari Universitas Newcastle.

Contohnya glasier Vatnajokull di Islandia yang berdiri di atas batas lempeng dan sejumlah gunung api yang kemungkinan sirna dua abad nanti. "Jika itu sirna, Anda mesti berjuang membunuh kengerian dari membesarnya beban (samudera) yang akan meningkatkan aktivitas vulkanik," kata Russell.

Di awal zaman es terakhir, aktivitas vulkanik di Islandia utara meningkat hingga 30 kali lebih besar dibandingkan sekarang. Dan jika nanti gunung-gunung api di belahan utara yang tertutup es itu meletus, maka hamburan letusan akan menebari dunia.

Ilustrasinya terjadi pada 1783 saat Gunung Berapi Laki di Islandia memuntahkan debu belerang ke seluruh Eropa sehingga benua ini mengalami satu musim dingin maut yang membunuh ribuan orang.

Saat ini memang belum jelas berapa besar perubahan iklim akan memengaruhi frekuensi dan intensitas gempa bumi serta letusan gunung api mengingat kepekaan Planet Bumi terhadap iklim baru teramati intens belakangan ini.

Selain itu, belum cukup data untuk menciptakan model pemrakira cuaca yang mengaitkan kedua sistem. "Tapi yang pasti, aksi manusia semakin mudah memprovokasi Planet Bumi," kata McGuire.

BANDUNG, INDONESIA - Noted as many as 24 small islands in Indonesia have disappeared, either due to natural events, as well as human activity. But that's not how. Even more worrying, in 2000 another island was also threatened the country sank due to the impact of global warming. This was disclosed by Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Freddy Numberi when delivering a public lecture at the University Widyatama (Main), Bandung, Friday (2 / 10). This public lecture event was also attended by the Regent Sorong Stepanus Malak and Main academic community.

Freddy said, the 24 islands lost in the tsunami in Aceh in 2004, abrasion, and sand mining activities are not controlled. These islands of Pulau Sinjai Gosong in Aceh by the tsunami, Mioswekel in Papua due to abrasion, and Lereh in the Riau Islands due to sand mining. Global warming, he said, the most concrete threat and danger to other islands in the country.

According to the analysis with the Department of Marine Fisheries and the UN, in the year 2030, about 2,000 small islands in Indonesia will be gone. "I have a list of his, but I can not express here," he said. It is said Freddy, rising sea levels could reach more than 2 meters if there is no serious treatment in stopping the rate of global warming.

Not only in small islands, in simulations of climate change impacts, some coastal areas north of Jakarta will sink. "Soekarno-Hatta International Airport would be lost if there is no serious effort to reduce the rate of global warming. I believe the same, all brothers if alive at the time that one day I will remember this talk," he said.

The threat of sinking the island by sea level rise, he said, was not groundless. "Now, had truly happened," he said giving example of Kiribati and Tuvalu Islands. "The President of Kiribati has asked citizens of the world to accommodate its citizens as 'country' they have lost," he said. Citizens of countries located in the Pacific Ocean has been accommodated in Australia and New Zealand.

Lokasi Gempa berkekuatan 7,6 SR, di Sumatera Barat yang terjadi tanggal 30 September 2009, termasuk gempa yang besar, dan lebih besar dibandingkan gempa yang terjadi beberapa waktu lalu di Tasik Malaya Jawa Barat, kerusakan yang diakibatkan gempa ini sama seperti gempa Yogya beberapa tahun lalu berikut peta lokasi gempa:

Lokasi : 0.789°S, 99.961°E

Sumber Gempa :

45 km (30 miles) WNW of Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia
220 km (135 miles) SW of Pekanbaru, Sumatra, Indonesia
475 km (295 miles) SSW of KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia
960 km (590 miles) NW of JAKARTA, Java, Indonesia

Peta Lokasi Gempa Sumatera barat

peta lokasi gempa sumatera barat

Anda juga bisa Lihat peta gempa di Google Map.

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Kitasemua berdoa, semoga saudara- saudara kita yang berada di sumatera barat, khususnya daerah2 yang mengalami bencana paling parah, agar diberikan kekuatan oleh Allah, dan senantiasa diberikan keasabaran, amii.…......n!!!!!

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FOTO-FOTO DAMPAK GEMPA:

gempa sumatra dan gempa tasik malaya indonesia.

JAKARTA, INDONESIA - Global warming is causing major health disaster. Countries in tropical regions affected the most vulnerable.

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About earthquakes
The earthquake energy release is an event that caused the dislocation (shift) on the interior of the earth suddenly.

Causes Earthquake occurrence
1. Due to the movement of tectonic processes of skin / plate earth
2. Fault activity on the surface of the earth
3. Geomorphology movement locally, for example, occurs debris land
4. Volcanic activity
5. Nuclear explosion

Mechanism of destruction due to earthquake vibrations dirambatkan energy to all parts of the earth. On the surface of the earth, the vibrations can cause damage and collapse of buildings that can cause loss of life.

Earthquake vibrations can also trigger landslides, rock debris, and damage to other land damage settlements. The earthquake also caused a fire disaster follow-up, industrial and transportation accidents and flooding caused by the collapse of a dam or other retaining dike

NEW YORK, KOMPAS.com - Chairman of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Dominique Strauss-Kahn, Wednesday (23 / 9) said that the global economy seems to be recovering from recession, but the crisis is not over. "Financial condition improved and the engine of growth seems to start again," Strauss-Kahn said in a speech at an international leadership conference in New York, according to the preparation.

"Not long ago, the global economy stands on the brink," he said as he warned "this crisis does not mean an end".

IMF Managing Director noted 186 state agencies have devoted a lot of resources to combat the financial crisis and the global economy the worst since the Great Depression.

Given the "panic" that followed the collapse of Wall Street investment bank Lehman Brothers in September 2008, Strauss-Kahn said that when "economic activity began to fall in a spiral."

Another Great Depression fears "are unfounded," he told the Global Creative Leadership Summit, meeting of heads of state, business and international leaders and Nobel Prize winner. "But these days the world looks different. The crisis is not over, but I hope the worst is now behind us. We seem to have turned a disaster," he said.

Chairman of the IMF stressed that the agency was projecting that the global recovery "first part" of the year 2010. "When the crisis took place, I think we've proven our assessments with our realistic estimate, both for growth and for credit losses," he said.

The IMF is scheduled to publish economic forecasts that the world updated on October 1. "As we see the global financial crisis at the moment, the worst since the Great Depression, the risk is very high," he said.

"The global economy could be facing ruin. But we stepped back from the brink, and the IMF certainly played its role," she said.

At the Summit Group of 20 (G20) in the United States, Strauss-Kahn also underlined the role of the IMF "as a policy adviser, particularly emphasizing the need for common, coordinated action."

"The IMF is one of the first to get the policy response is now a part of conventional wisdom, especially the fiscal stimulus and the need to restructure the banking system," he said.

Strauss-Kahn highlighted the institution's promotion of economic stability and world peace. "The stakes are very high in the low-income countries, where populations are very vulnerable," he said.

He noted that the IMF was created in the aftermath of World War II to fight the economic roots of war. "In many areas of the world, what is at stake is not only higher unemployment or lower purchasing power, but life and death itself," said the former French Socialist finance minister.

"Economic marginalization and poverty could lead to social unrest, political instability, or a breakdown of democracy. We could see the war. This is what we must avoid," he insisted, urging for "sustained assistance" to countries in need.

"When the nations of the world come together to address common challenges in a spirit of solidarity, we can achieve peace and prosperity cycle, and avoid the vicious circle of conflict and stagnation. At first glance, this may seem incidental to the role of the IMF. But no. This supports our mandate, "he said.

Strauss-Kahn's speech came on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly and before the two-day meeting of G20 leaders of developed countries and developing that opened Thursday in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Hosted by U.S. President Barack Obama, leader of the G20 are expected to discuss their efforts to an unprecedented effort to stem the economic, financial system reform, and climate change.

WASHINGTON, - Three separate missions both researching the Moon to find convincing evidence that there is water there. Water was available at the Moon's poles and perhaps formed by the solar wind.

Three reports will be published in the journal Science said Friday that water moves actively, sometimes formed and disappeared again as dngan mixing with the dust on the surface of the Moon.

One report is taken from the mission-Chandrayaan-1 India's first mission to the Moon. The data studied Carle Pieters of Brown University in Rhode Island showed the presence of water spectrographic evidence. Water is increasingly found in areas closer to the poles of the Moon.

"When we say 'there is water on the Moon', we tidakmerujuk the lake, ocean or pool. Water on the Moon which we mean the water molecules and hydroxyl (hydrogen and oxygen) that interact with the molecules of rock and dust on the top layer of the Moon's surface, "Pieters said.

While Jessica Sunshine of the University of Maryland using infrared mapping of the Deep Impact spacecraft to prove the existence of water on the Moon. Another researcher, Roger Clark of the U.S. Geological Survey using the spectrometer - which describes the wave of light to analyze the elements and compounds the body - from the Cassini spacecraft found water.

Reports about the existence of water on this moon appears just as interested researchers to water on the Moon rising. U.S. Space Agency has long been looking for water on the Moon to support the base to be established there.

Next month the spacecraft Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS NASA will look for water with a vehicle crashed into the Moon's surface.

JAKARTA-Setelah di Bali, konvensi badan PBB tentang perubahan iklim (UNFCCC atau UN Framework Convention on Climate Change) akan kembali digelar di Copenhagen, Denmark, Minggu (13/12/09).

Konferensi yang diselenggarakan pertama kali pada tahun 1992 itu bertujuan mendesak semua negara yang berkepentingan untuk menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer pada tingkat yang dianggap tidak membahayakan iklim bumi. Tahun ini, pertemuan itu akan menjadikan usulan-usulan untuk menggunakan pembayaran karbon untuk melindungi hutan di dunia.

Konferensi bertajuk "Forest Day 3" didedikasikan untuk membahas peran hutan dalam perubahan iklim, mitigasi serta perubahan adaptasi, dan akan difokuskan pada "Hutan Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Perubahan Iklim."

Para negosiator juga akan membahas kerangka kerja global REDD (pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca dari defortasi dan degradasi hutan). Dengan begitu negara-negara yang mengurangi tingkat deforestasi mereka akan memperoleh kredit untuk emisi gas yang berkurang. Kredit-kredit itu kemudian akan dijual pada pasar karbon internasional atau akan dialirkan ke suatu dana internasional.

Dalam sesi tanya jawab saat media briefing di Hotel Intercontinental, Selasa (25/8) pagi, Dr Agus Purnomo, mewakili pemerintah sebagai Executive Secretary National Council on Climate Change, menjelaskan, masyarakat hutan adat di Indonesia tidak memiliki perbedaan persepsi dengan negara-negara maju dan berkembang yang menghasilkan gas emisi terbanyak di dunia seperti China.

"Masyarakat dan desa itu adalah porsi yang besar, jadi dari pemerintah mereka yang memiliki tanggung jawab besar seperti masyarakat hutan adat akan diberikan insentif sekitar 70 persen," kata Dr Nur Masripatin, pemimpin tim REDD dari Departemen Kehutanan.

NORDAUSTLANDET, -Glance glacier like other glaciers in the frozen Arctic. But in a closer observation, a painful face painted on the wall melting ice, which was the crying and the tears flowing river.

Image of 'Mother Earth' that was sadly seen by local residents during the process of melting, with melting ice and snow falling into the sea below.

Figure draw on Austfonna ice Nordaustlandet located at Svalbard Islands, Norway would almost certainly be used for environmental activists to protest climate change. Sea-level rise caused by melting ice is one of the main worries of the impact of global warming. Experts have warned that countries that are in the lowlands will be below the water surface.

Figure Mother Earth is crying was taken by a Navy photographer and lecturer Michael Nolan environment in an annual voyage to observe the glaciers and wild life around him.

Jon Ove Hagen, a glacier expert who is also a member of the World Glacier Monitoring Bureau (World Glacier Monitoring Service / WGMS) and Geosains professor at the University of Oslo, Norway, has confirmed that the layer of ice that gives the image of Mother Earth is 'crying' is continually shrinking as much as 160 feet every year for decades. Hagen has studied Austfonna ice since 1988.

Austfonna is the largest ice shelf area in Norway, precisely on the island of Svalbard Nordaustlandet. According to Hagen (59), has a broad Austfonna about 3000 square miles and is by far the largest ice sheet on Svalbard, and one of the largest in the Arctic.

He explains, glacier shrinkage on the surface in 12 years Austfonna averaged 160 feet per year. Geometry of the ice region, he said, is changing. The front continued to retreat, the bottom becomes thinner, with a depletion rate of three feet per year, while the interior thickened about 1.6 feet per year. Layer, said Hagen, decreased about 1.6 cubic miles of ice every year.

Austfonna is the area's second largest ice sheet in Europe after Iceland and Vatnajvkull in tersebesar classified seventh in the world.