EARTH DAY for GLOBALWARMING

Anti laser pertama baru ditemuka

2011-02-18T13:01:00.000+07:00

Laser, yang banyak digunakan sebagai pembaca CD dan alat penunjuk (pointer), kini menemukan pasangannya. A Douglas Stone, ilmuwan Yale University, berhasil menemukan "antilaser" yang berguna untuk menjebak dan membuyarkan sinar laser.
Antilaser memiliki perbedaan mendasar dengan laser. Jika laser mengubah energi listrik menjadi energi cahaya dalam rentang frekuensi yang sempit, antilaser akan mengubah laser menjadi energi panas dan kemudian menjadi energi listrik.
Laser konvensional menggunakan material semacam semikonduktor yang disebut "gain medium" untuk memproduksi gelombang cahaya yang terfokus. Sementara antilaser memakai silicon sebagai "loss medium" yang menjebak cahaya sebelum diubah menjadi panas.
Stone mengatakan, teknologi antilaser bisa dimanfaatkan untuk merancang komputer optik generasi mendatang. Menurut Stone, komputer tersebut akan mendapat sumber daya dari cahaya di samping elektron.
"Generasi komputer masa mendatang yang memiliki performa tinggi akan memiliki hybrid chips," kata Stone. Komputer masa depan takkan menggunakan cip dengan transistor dan silikon. Teknologi ini juga bisa membantu kepentingan radiologi.

Meski tampak keren, teknologi ini takkan menjadi tameng bagi laser. "Ini sesuatu yang menyerap laser. Jika pistol laser dimaksudkan untuk membunuh Anda, itu memang akan benar-benar membunuh," ucap Stone.

Fenomena "crop circle"

2011-01-31T16:24:00.001+07:00

INDONESUA - Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science (Natural Sciences) University of Gadjah Mada (UGM) Chairil Anwar judge, tread a circle or a crop circle in Bantul and Sleman DI Yogyakarta is the result of intellectual work. This work requires thinking that combines science and art. This is similar to the work of artists created installations that many today, he said in Yogyakarta on Wednesday (01/26/2011).
Therefore, Chairil said, if a circular footprint is actually made by the students of Science Faculty of UGM, the students concerned will be given an appreciation for being able to apply the science of pure mathematics with the arts. The phenomenon is much associated with Unidentified flying object (UFO) that also led to the idea to combine the sciences of Mathematics with the arts.
Chairil said, the Science Faculty of UGM has made tracking whether or not the news that one of the Science Faculty of UGM students involved in the manufacture of such a circular footprint. This is related tersiarnya news site creator is a student of Science Faculty of UGM circular force sebuh 2008, as contained in the blog site. "We have examined 28 students related to this, but have not found the truth of the news," said Chairil.
According Chairil, making the site can not be assessed in the rice fields act is wrong because it is not intended to hurt anyone. The loss is only found in the use of wetland that a source of income owners.
If proven one of the Science Faculty of UGM students who did, said Chairil, the faculty will consider replacing the losses resulting.

"Green Finance"

2011-01-31T16:19:00.002+07:00

The concept of green finance or disbursement of capital by using environmentally friendly principles could be the solution of the financial sector to cope with the impacts of global climate change.
"There are two serious threats, namely the problem of energy use and environment that can be overcome with a green finance," said Head of Environment Finance Special Advisor to the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Takashi Hongo, held discussions Fisheries Society Archipelago (MPN) in Jakarta, Thursday (01/28/2011).
However, according to Hongo, to apply the concept of green finance actually required determination of financial entities, both private and government, to spend large amounts of investment. In addition, the application of green finance requires technological advances that can reduce the impacts of climate change.
He pointed out, a number of fishermen in Japan several years ago decided to use LED technology (light emitting diode) due to high prices of fuel used for fishing.
Hongo explained, at the beginning it needed a huge cost to purchase and equip fishing vessels with a LED, but once used they can save operational costs. "They (the fishermen) to borrow money from banks," he said.
For that, according to him, financing and encouragement to use environmentally friendly technology is the key required in the application of green finance.
Meanwhile, other speakers, Advisor to the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Division of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Suseno Sukoyono say, actually there are many business opportunities or financial that may be developed due to climate change, including the one green finance.
Moreover, he said, Indonesia is actually not the biggest contributor to emissions, but climate change has caused some problems such as rising temperatures and rising sea levels that looked like a phenomenon that rob lately often occur in the area of Muara Baru, North Jakarta.
"Indonesia produces 1.7 per capita emissions, while the United States and Australia 20.6 16.2," he said.
He also warned the energy crisis such as rising oil prices has now reached about 100 U.S. dollars should also make an aspect to encourage the application of green finance.
MPN chairman Muhammad Taufiq expect woke network both within and outside the country or international organization in creating a sustainable source of development opportunities through green finance.
"Green financing scheme based finance with a conducive investment environment by incorporating aspects of climate change become one of the important solutions in building sustainable Indonesia," he said.
Based on the MPN data, there is the potential of Indonesia's total marine economy reached 800 billion dollars per year that have not been fully utilized partly because of cost constraints.

Reducing Emissions Can Act Alone

2010-12-15T22:53:00.000+07:00

World weary, all tired and effect long-winded negotiations at the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention. Not surprisingly, voluntary movement from the state party is now gathering popularity. In fact, there is an idea to leave the two giants release of greenhouse gas emissions, the United States and China.

In science, if you calculated how much greenhouse gas emissions could be lowered by its own pursuit of this, he replied: do not (be) sufficient.

Emission reduction targets proposed expert Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), that global emissions must fall by 50 percent in 2050 for the temperature rise can be limited below 2 degrees Celsius and there should also committed developed countries to reduce emissions at least 80 percent in 2050 from 1990 levels.

While waiting for that commitment never agreed upon, at this time a number of countries with more than 80 percent of world greenhouse gas emissions has committed voluntarily to reduce their emissions.
A number of key states have made rules that have been implemented, policies, and real programs. To be sure the action was real. They are laying the foundation for their low-carbon development.
These countries, among others:
Largest greenhouse gas emitter, China, is now internally implement energy efficiency targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions within the next five years, 2010-2015. The target is 40-45 percent reduction in carbon intensity by 2020 from levels in 2005.
Other countries, namely India, which target decrease its GHG emissions by, among others, provide subsidies, feed-in tariffs where people can sell its electricity to the state and the policies about the use of solar energy, as well as policies for industries that implement energy efficiency programs . The policy was known as the "Perform, Achieve, and Trade". There was also a net energy taxes for coal-fuel users as funding new projects and renewable energy.
While the U.S. as the second largest GHG emitter in the world is now moving with the Clean Air Act (Clean Water Act). Their target, namely reduction of GHG emissions by 17 percent from the level of emissions in 2005. Uncle Sam's country recently adopted new emissions standards for passenger vehicles and heavy vehicles and implement emission reduction on new factory-starting next year. Not to mention the State of California which first began construction of low-carbon.
While the member countries of the European Union collectively and individually also implemented various policies to increase the target reduction of GHG emissions to 30 percent below 1990 emission levels by 2020.
While Brazil continues to combat deforestation and to apply its target in 2020. Similarly, South Africa, will host the Meeting of the Parties The 17 (COP-17) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has designed the emissions reduction program. Not to mention Indonesia, which last year pledged to reduce GHG emissions by 26 percent in 2020-although not yet published details of its program.

Merapi volcano waiting to erupt time

2010-10-23T10:33:00.000+07:00

SLEMAN, INDONESIA-The eruption of Mount Merapi, currently a matter of time. It was announced by Head of Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Surono.

"If you look at the changes that occurred since September until now, estimated to Mount Merapi has reached the point of no return. That is, not going back again to its original state," he said while socializing at the Village Hall Kepuharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman, Friday (22 / 10/2010).

Does this condition Merapi volcano will soon erupt? Surono said, it depends from Mount Merapi. "If at any time or just erupted, only Mount Merapi alone knew," he said.

He said that with the increase of the alert status of Mount Merapi to the screen, handling the volcanic activity is directly taken over Volcanology Geological Disaster Mitigation Center (PVMBG). "In accordance with SOP since Mount Merapi upgraded from alert status becomes idle, the task of supervision of the mountain is now the responsibility of PVMBG," he explained.

He said the earthquakes that occurred at Merapi is currently larger than in 2006. "At this time the volcanic activity has increased by more than 500 percent," he said.

Surono explained, on October 20, 2010 or the day before the status of this mountain was raised to alert, there has been recorded 479 times multiphase earthquakes, volcanic earthquakes deep and shallow with a total of 39 events, and avalanches 29 times. "Other characteristics of the water content and gas Merapi has been greatly reduced. That is, the condition is already very hot. Our last Temperature record in the region Woro on October 20, reached 587 degrees Celsius," he said.

"We hope the eruption times is not very explosive, because if ekplosif would be too dangerous," he added.

Seeing the conditions on the ground that community around the slopes of Merapi was used to deal with possible disasters like this, it is not too worried. "The community is set up and in between they also have to undergo the exercises to deal with bad possibilities that happen," he said.
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Healthy lifestyles to reduce global warming effects

2010-04-17T12:41:00.000+07:00

PATTERN modern life filled with busyness often override health. Intensive activities are often not accompanied by exercise and proper diet. Whereas the effects of global warming or global warming could make the human body resistance rapidly decreases. If not balanced with a healthy lifestyle, it is quite possible we will drop and eventually no longer able to complete the work that piled up.
Global warming is accompanied by high pollution levels. These conditions also led to the emergence of many new diseases. To anticipate, a healthy lifestyle should be applied. Eating healthy and nutritious food is important as a first step. "Eating healthy should not mean a good meal. Most important raw materials low in fat and fresh, "

Also, avoid smoking and alcoholic beverages also helps increase endurance. No less important is regular exercise. Keeping the fitness of which can be carried out in fitness centers. fitness has been popular in the community. This is evidenced by the many fitness centers everywhere. generally performed to improve physical fitness. But at some stage, have been used for the formation of the body (body building). "Many also do fitness to burn fat."

All types of existing equipment in the fitness center to burn fat effectively. But there are some tools that have functions such as cardiovascular or heart healthy a treadmill, stepper machines, and stationary bicycles. Fitness was performed according to at least 3 times and a maximum of 6 times a week. "At practice, can try all the tools to learn the benefits. After that, may use a tool partially to train the specific muscles, "he said.

Weight training each have different patterns and motifs. There are exercises for the muscles of the chest, back, arms, legs, and others. Time 45 minutes-1, 5 hours is enough exercise to maintain fitness origin carried out regularly.

2013 Not End World just Solar Storms

2010-04-16T09:44:00.001+07:00

2013 Solar Storms Not End World

Some researchers predict the peak of the world's space solar storms will occur in mid 2013. Indications are based on current solar activity is increasing. This form of solar activity magnetic field, sunspots, flare, burst mass corona, solar wind and energetic particles.

"In 2012 until 2015 sunspots is estimated to reach that point very much and it will trigger a lot of explosions," said Dra Clara Yono Yatini, MSc, Head of Field Magnet Applications Geomagnet and Space National Aeronautics and Space Agency (Lapan), on the sidelines of the socialization 2012-2015 space weather phenomena in Denpasar, Bali.

However, he says, people do not need to worry because the storm the sun will not destroy the world civilization. "The impact of solar storms may damage your system just technology alone," exclaimed Clara Yono.

Technology systems that are affected, for example, damage satellites, so disturb the communication network. Another effect of these solar storms can also disrupt the earth's magnetic field. As the solar storm in 1989 when the Canadian attack, clearly Clara, a blackout due to a transformer fire in the central power grid due to a very large flow in the subsurface. These solar storms can be anticipated in order not to cause damage, such as lethal as satellite networks and electricity networks in the event of a storm the sun.

"People should not be affected by the 2012 film because it was a fake science," Yono Clara messages. Lapan is now intensively to disseminate space weather phenomena over 2012-2015 to the community to straighten crooked stories that are not clearly related doomsday basically.

End of year 2012 issues as portrayed in the film in 2012 was during this hold is associated with a number of the natural phenomenon that will occur on earth, including this solar storm.

Recycling technology

2010-04-15T03:44:00.000+07:00

A total of 250 scholars from 14 countries attended the First International Conference on Muslims of Action for Climate Change in the City of Bogor, Friday (9/4/2010) until Saturday (10/4/2010).

They strengthen the roots of Islamic theological concerns about the environment. Mahmoud Akef, the founder of Earth Mate Dialogue Center, which is based in London, England, say, environmental issues much discussed in the Qur'an. Likewise, in everyday life of the Prophet Muhammad, he has a lot to talk about the need to protect our environment.

He cited the actions of the scholars 600 years ago in Solaimania Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. At that time, the principle of recycling was already known. They, who then use lighting of the oil / wax, so it does not capture the black smoke pollute the air. "Soot collected recycled into the ink," he said.

Emil Salim, a member of the Advisory Council President, after he became one of the speakers at the conference, talked about the causes of the decline of Islamic civilization.

"This issue (the decline of Islamic civilization) many theory. One result of the books written by Muslim scholars were burned when Istanbul raided (Mongols) in the 7th century. After the books out, the more developed Islamic jurisprudence issues, tend to emphasize teaching what is prohibited. For example, Muslims should not kill, should not be this, should not it, "he said.

According to him, it continues today, including in Indonesia. For example in addressing the problem of pornography. "The use of words or the negative tone of the ban was likely to limit thoughts. Therefore, the Qur'an should not only read but also studied and understood," he said.

According to him, the doctrine of prayer should be facing Qibla birth of astronomy. As a matter of doctrine that God created man from a lump of blood gave birth to medical science.

Regarding climate change, former Environment Minister pointed to the era of President Suharto that the problem is the result of an error of economic development policy. In economic development, preserving the environment is not included in the cost of production. "Consequently, there is the necessity of environmental impact analysis and processing of waste is not done well, even ignored because it considered only the production cost burden," he said.

Ponsel facebook dan twiteer Kin Dari Microsoft

2010-04-13T16:35:00.002+07:00

Microsoft telah memperkenalkan sebuah ponsel bernama Kin. Ponsel ini didesain khusus untuk mereka yang aktif di jejaring sosial.

Seperti dikutip dari Coolest Gadgets, Selasa (13/4/2010), Microsoft telah mengumumkan kehadiran Kin. Ponsel itu akan tersedia di Amerika Serikat (Mei), Jerman, Italia, Spanyol dan Inggris (mulai Agustus).

Terdapat dua model Kin yang akan dikenalkan: Kin One dan Kin Two. Kedua ponsel layar sentuh plus keyboard geser itu memiliki perbedaan pada ukuran, One lebih kecil dan Two lebih besar.

Microsoft pun memperkenalkan fitur bernama Loop, Spot dan Studio. Fitur-fitur itu diklaim akan membantu pengguna jejaring sosial untuk terus aktif lewat Kin.

Loop adalah layar utama dari Kin. Layar ini akan selalu menampilkan hal terbaru dari account Facebook, MySpace, Twitter dan layanan jejaring sosial lainnya.

Sedangkan Spot merupakan fitur yang memudahkan berbagi di jejaring sosial. Konten (foto, video, halaman web, lokasi atau status) dan orang yang dituju bisa 'diseret' ke dalam Spot, lalu pengguna Kin bisa memilih dengan cara apa ia akan berbagi konten.

Nah, fitur Studio, merupakan fitur penyimpanan konten dari ponsel ke internet. Sehingga, pengguna Kin bisa mengakses konten tersebut lewat browser manapun.

Kin akan menjadi ponsel Windows Phone pertama yang sudah memiliki fitur Zune. Perangkat ini diproduksi oleh Sharp dan didistribusikan oleh Verizon Wireless (AS) serta Vodafone (Jerman, Italia, Spanyol dan Inggris).

Opera Mini, untuk Browsing Cepat di iPhone

2010-04-13T16:26:00.000+07:00

Opera Mini akhirnya disetujui untuk hadir di App Store. Pengguna iPhone pun diklaim bisa mencicipi browsing lebih cepat berkat aplikasi tersebut. Benarkah?

Aplikasi browser web untuk iPhone dan iPod Touch, Opera Mini App dari Opera Software, sudah mulai bisa digunakan sejak Selasa (13/4/2010). Aplikasi tersebut tersedia secara gratis di App Store Indonesia.

Dari sisi tampilan, fitur dan penggunaan, sebenarnya tak banyak perbedaan antara Opera Mini App dengan browser bawaan Safari dari Apple. Keduanya pun sama-sama gratis sehingga tak ada perbedaan soal harga pula.

Namun satu hal yang selalu menonjol dari kehadiran Opera Mini di platform apapun adalah kecepatan akses halaman web yang ditawarkannya. Hal ini bisa tercapai karena Opera melakukan kompresi halaman web yang diakses hingga, menurut klaim Opera, maksimal 90 persen.

Nah, bagaimana dengan Opera Mini untuk iPhone. Berdasarkan uji singkat yang dilakukan detik.com, terbukti bahwa Opera Mini memang lebih cepat daripada Safari. Bahkan dalam beberapa kasus perbedaan kecepatan itu bisa jadi cukup signifikan.

AOL Sell or Close "Bebo"

2010-04-11T11:53:00.001+07:00

Washington: AOL plans to close or sell the social networking site Bebo, which bought U.S. $ 850 million two years ago, according to a memo from management that was published in Washington, DC, Tuesday (6 / 4). "In an annual filing for Bebo that we'll make tomorrow, AOL will show that it is currently evaluating strategic alternatives, which could include the sale or off Bebo in 2010," said AOL's memo to employees obtained by Silicon Valley Insider and other technology blog .

"Bebo, unfortunately, is a business that has declined. And as a result, will require significant investment to compete in the competitive social networking space," says a memo from Jon Brod, the AOL executive vice president Ventures. In essence, today AOL is not in a position to fund further and support Bebo in the turn around in pursuit of social networking.

"AOL is committed to work quickly to determine if there are interested parties to Bebo and the company's current expectation is to complete our strategic evaluation at the end of May 2010," said Brod. Bebo has steadily losing its competitive edge against social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace.

AOL, formerly known as America Online, Time Warner released in December became an independent company. Tim Armstrong, a former Google executive, has started a round of aggressive cost cutting at AOL since taking control last year and plans to refocus the company on "content, advertising, and communications."

Green Car Show in New York

2010-04-09T12:12:00.001+07:00

New York: leading car manufacturers around the world are competing eco-friendly mini car show with the latest model in Car Exhibition in New York, United States, Wednesday (31 / 3). General Motors (GM) launched a thrifty gasoline-powered car, the Chevrolet Cruze Eco.

"The new model has a level of fuel efficiency with the same type of hybrid," said GM spokesman.

Different situation occurs in the Toyota. In the midst of declining sales due to a massive withdrawal of the car, Toyota introduced a small two-door sports car for the younger generation and an ultra-mini cars with less than three meters long. The plan, cars will be sold in the United States early next year.

Ford Motor Manufacturers also do not want to miss the launch control system in rechargeable battery for electric vehicles. The system automatically recharges the battery at night when utility rates lower. Lingkangan friendly car was developed with Microsoft.

GM, Nissan, and other Chinese carmakers, plans to launch electric cars in the U.S. market. With competition so antarprodusen energy efficient cars that are expected to heat up.

Alga red powerful for counteracting free radicals

2010-04-05T22:29:00.000+07:00

Alga (algae), red or red algae is considered the most powerful counteracting free radicals. So says the Head of Indonesian Traditional Medicines Poly Dr dr Soetomo Arijanto Jonosewojo, SpPD, at Surabaya on Friday (11/12/2009).

He said, multivitamin supplements and chemicals that are consumed over long periods prooksidan feared causing congestion or free radicals that can trigger cancer and diabetes mellitus.

Asta xanthine, the active substance contained in red algae, has anti-oxidant content of more than 6,000 times and 1,000 times the vitamin C, vitamin E. Therefore, apart from having the ability naturally ward off free radicals, the red algae also serves as an anti-aging or prevent aging.

"Red Algae can also be used to facilitate blood circulation, repairing damaged cells, and produce insulin in the blood," he said.

To produce a substance contained in Hematococcus pluviallis Astaxanthine, red algae have a long process. Initially, the red algae are not colored red, but green.

Red algae green colored initially inserted into a tube to get enough sunlight. Because getting enough sunlight, plants such berklorofil turns red.

"Proliferation of red algae is still done in Hawaii, although originally from Japan," he said.

Meanwhile in Indonesia, the red algae has not been mass-produced because no one mengembangbiakkannya. "If anything, it must be very expensive because it must be imported from abroad,"

Ferrari hybrid car launch

2010-04-05T22:18:00.002+07:00

Geneva: Ferrari's new bombshell in the exhibition of vehicles at the Geneva Motor Show this year, with Ferrari launched the 599 Hybrid. In the website of The Telegraph recently, Ferrari 599 experimental hybrid vehicles appear as in the Geneva auto show which is currently dominated by electricity-fueled vehicles and environmentally friendly.

Shown in green "Kermit" Ferrari 599 hybrids become one of the star exhibit. This is a sign that the car maker deluxe super-fast and began to consider the environmental impact. According to Fabrizio Favaretto engineers, the latest Ferrari called HY-KERS still perform exclusively with only two seats and using the technology of Formula One Ferrari. Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) that connects to the braking system of a lithium-ion battery into energy.

Fabrizio claim Electrical energy is stored and converted into a powerful energy around 650 volts, so it can provide additional power 100 horsepower. Energy is used to complement the additional power V12 engine speed and capacity of six liters of gasoline and also to run the AC and power steering pump. In addition, with these technologies, Fereri able to increase the fuel consumption of 15.8 miles per gallon and reduce emissions of carbon dioxide up 415 g / km.

But unfortunately this new hybrid Ferrari prices much more expensive because the price prices 207.075 or approximately USD 3.1 billion. But Ferrari promised the next five years will be far more affordable price with a lighter weight.

Gas LPG fuel for engine runs like a motorcycle

2010-04-04T23:17:00.000+07:00

Automotive enthusiasts who know a lot of LPG can be replaced when the gasoline engine runs like a motorcycle. The result will be more economical and environmentally friendly. However, the facts are still too few people who dared to apply it.

If you do not know the technique, LPG cylinder for motorcycle fuel could explode and harm others around him, "said Budi Soelaiman Sunarto, founder of the Business Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) Agro Makmur, Karanganyar regency, Central Java.

Currently LPG in containers the size of three kilograms of small tube is very easy to find. But, still not so many people are familiar with gasoline to LPG conversion techniques to running motorcycle engine.

Budi since 1998 formed the company in the village of Agro Makmur Doplang, Karangpandan, Karanganyar District. He developed an environmentally friendly energy technology-based ethanol and bio-methane or biogas. Equipped also making its production facilities, such as biogas tool to convert waste consumption of dry organic waste into methane or facilities for the use of bio-ethanol with fuel-efficient stoves ethanol.

Since 2009 found LPG to fuel motorbikes. One kilogram of LPG has been tested is able to run the bike as far as 100 kilometers to 200 kilometers. Mileage as far as it will depend on passenger load and gradient to the road taken.

Membrane

LPG can not necessarily just flowed into the combustion chamber engine motorcycles. If done carelessly, sparks in the combustion chamber will creep toward the source of LPG, the LPG cylinder explodes.

Budi said the key lies in the membrane. Membrane made of metal tubes that hold stocks of LPG before entering the combustion chamber through the carburetor. Then the carburetor was modified. Not too complicated modify it, stay off pelampungnya function. Function buoy was replaced with the membrane.

"Only two things that must be done. Never try to drain directly into the combustion chamber of LPG through the carburetor. Sparks will spread everywhere, LPG cylinder will explode, "

Gas supply valve

To test the feasibility of the membrane, Budi assisted researchers from the Center for Radioactive Waste Technology National Nuclear Energy Agency (Batan) Suryadi. According Suryadi, replacing the working principle of membrane function by considering the flexibility of the material floats.

The membrane consists of an iron tube 8 inches in diameter with a length of about 4 centimeters. On the surface of the upper and lower layers of rubber tube is given membrane. In order not to leak, rubber surface

coated with a thin metal plate. Of the membrane tube was supplied to the carburetor, the gas delivery valve.

According Suryadi, in testing the feasibility of the membrane, resistance to pressure to reach the required minimum of 12 bar. This is to anticipate the strength that comes from the pressure of LPG LPG cylinder.

Membrane limits the ability to hold on to exceed 12 bar pressure on the LPG cylinder which is only 10 bars.

After the LPG flow to the carburetor into the combustion chamber, will drape over the air. Regarding the composition, generally on a motorcycle petrol to 1 for gasoline with a capacity of 13 to 15 air capacity.

According to Budi, unlike the case with compositions that are required on LPG with air. Its composition is proportional to the capacity of LPG and 1 in 5 to 18 air capacity.

Such details. To start up the engine or motor, it takes the composition of 1 to 5 for the LPG and air (1: 5). Furthermore, for stationary engines running with the composition 1: 8.

Towards acceleration composition engine up 1: 12 and a 1: 18 when running normally.

3 kilograms of LPG retail prices in the market Rp 14,000 to Rp 15,000 per tube. This price is equivalent to about 3.3 liters of gasoline (the price of Rp 4,500 per liter).

According Suryadi, the range of 1 kilogram of LPG mileage could be 100 to 200 kilometers. So, one kilogram LPG cylinder 3 can be used for distances ranging from 300 to 600 kilometers, whereas only 3.3 liters of gasoline to around 100 kilometers.

"LPG is made from butane and propane are still relatively expensive when compared to the methane can be produced through anaerobic combustion of dry organic waste," said Suryadi.

Methane, according to Suryadi, the future of transportation fuels. Only this time packing and distribution is still a constraint.

Batteries a paper thin

2010-04-03T11:34:00.005+07:00

Imagine that someday you could wrap a gift with wrapping paper that read "Happy Birthday!" that can be lit without conventional batteries that we know so far, because the paper itself the batteries. That's one possible use of new batteries are made from cellulose, ie paper material, so that environmentally friendly because it can be decomposed by nature.

The scientists from various countries are trying to develop a battery of thin, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly, made entirely from non-metallic materials. One of the most promising materials for polymer beterai is helpless-inter. However, until now this material is used as the battery is less practical, because the ability to store electrical charges are often reduced due to wear.

Made easy

This new battery-making materials found Cladophora green algae that is often considered a bully. Freshwater plants like this hair piled up and rotting away in the world, disturbing sights and smells sting.

This alga has an unusual type of cellulose, the cellulose surface features a very spacious, which is 100 times the cellulose paper. This enabled the researchers to double the number of inter-polymer-powered, so the battery is more effective to be filled up again, better able to withstand and distribute electric power.

"We have long expected useful invention of algal material and now it is reasonably possible," said researcher Mary Strømme, nanotechnology experts from the University of Uppsala, Sweden. "This opens new possibilities for large-scale production for the energy storage system that is environmentally friendly, cost effective, and lightweight."
This new type of battery consists of thin layers of polymer inter-sized power-only 40 to 50 nanometers, or from the algal cellulose fiber wrappers one at a billion yards wide, just wide as 20 to 30 nanometers which is taken to be a sheet of paper.

Fast rechargeable

This new type of battery can carry electrical power from 50 to 200 percent more than the battery-powered polymer among other similar, and if later been optimized, it may even be able to compete with lithium batteries. These batteries can also be recharged far more quickly than usual battery refills - compare a normal battery takes at least an hour for recharging, while a new battery is only needed 11 seconds to eight minutes.

DaLA development, new battery has also shown remarkable progress in terms of its ability to hold power line usage. When compared with other polymer batteries that power of detention capacity by 50 percent after 60 cycles-to-use content, this new battery only lost 6 percent after 100 cycles.

"In the thick polymer layer, it is difficult to recharge all of the material properly, instead it turned into an insulator material (barrier), so its capacity actually decreased," explained Gustav Nystrom, an expert in electrochemistry from the University of Uppsala. "If the thin layers, and can accommodate the entire issued share power well."
Flexible electronics

The researchers suggested that their batteries dapakai seems suitable for flexible electronic devices, such as fabrics and packaging materials.

"We do not intend to replace or lithium ion battery - we want to find a battery that does not exist," said Strømme. "For instance, the battery can be charged under the wallpaper to light sensors in your home. Or how about when placed in your clothes, and used to sweat scanner to check if you hurt?"

Future research directions are also considering how much battery power is lost from this over time, which is a common problem for batteries and other types of polymers. The study also looked at the possibility enlarge the scale of this new type of battery, "We'll see what happens when the battery is made in very large scale."

EARTH DAY

2010-03-27T12:12:00.001+07:00

Happy Earth Day 2010! Do not forget to turn off the lights for an hour, at 20.30-21.30 local time.

Different cities from 92 countries today getting ready to turn off the lights for an hour just to commemorate Earth Day and support the movement of saving the environment against climate change.

Last year, the event was attended by 88 countries. New areas that participated in 2010, including Kosovo, Madagascar, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Mongolia, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Paraguay, Ecuador, and the Northern Marina Islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Earth Hour management committee, ie turn off lights for an hour the deal was confirmed that this year 1100 the city had agreed to participate. "Earth Hour Earth's population reflects the determination to make the world a better and healthier," said Earth Hour executive director Andy Ridley. "This event brings together a number of cities, communities, businesses and individuals in an effort to combat climate change,"

Best Products of Trade Show Exhibits

2010-03-09T06:46:00.001+07:00

When you have an exhibition for your business to make it more famous, you will need a table cover to make your table that you use in your exhibition look more glamorous. It will make your customer interested to come to your stands and take a look around. They might be get involve to your business and make your business get more popular towards your customers. You have to make sure that your table cover looks more proper than before. When you have the right table cover, you will get lots of benefits from that.

In the trade show exhibits, you have to make sure that your table display is in the right place. Besides, if you choose the right table covers, the customer that take a look for your products will get interested with it, and they might be will buy some of your products. You have to make sure that your table top display gets the best vision to make your customer easier to take a look at your products. However, if your table cover did not match with your exhibition, it will make your exhibition failed. You can also find the best design of directors chairs in the site that you have already choose to provides the best products that they have.

Let's save the sea life

2010-02-27T22:09:00.001+07:00

Nature conservation agency under the United Nations to remind the importance of Climate Change Conference in 2009 produced an ambitious agreement. Pickling sea due to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere caused the extinction of species of marine biota.
Food security is threatened and seriously affect the world economy. In fact, pickling sea rose 30 percent since the industrial age 250 years ago. "Pickling the sea was described as 'wicked pair' of climate change," said Navy Vice Chair IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Dan Laffoley at the launch of a report in The Ocean and Climate Change Tools and Guidelines for Action at the Bella Center, Copenhagen, Danish.
Endangered marine biota include coral reefs and shelled animals, which is a key ocean organisms. Coral reefs are a holder of hundreds of thousands of species of life, including ornamental fish and commercial fish, which provide livelihoods for many coastal communities. Shelled animals play an important role in the marine food chain.
High levels of acid-sea coral reefs causing death, which took tens to hundreds of years to recover. If that happens, the sea can be a source of peril. Whereas 70 percent of the area consists of the world ocean. In addition, nearly 90 percent of the world population is tangent to the sea.
Research publications mentioned, if the CO levels in the atmosphere continue to rise, the acidity of seawater will increase 120 percent in 2060, the largest in 21 million this year. In the year 2100, 70 percent of coral exposed to the cold sea water corrosive. "Marine must be one of the main issues in the discussion," Laffoley said.
Besides the fact the world's population directly dependent on the sea, the ocean has absorbed 25 percent of CO emitted per year and supply of oxygen for living things.
In fact, marine issues still major issues to be negotiated. Recognized that there is a lack of data supporting the role of the ocean as carbon sinks. Especially for the sea in the tropics, such as Indonesia. Some of the judge released more emissions because of the influence of ocean currents and the position of the Sun. Head of the IUCN Marine Program says Carl Gustaf Lundin, now is the right time to cut the rate of emissions in large numbers.

Let's save the sea life

2010-02-27T22:09:00.000+07:00

Let's save the sea life

Nature conservation agency under the United Nations to remind the importance of Climate Change Conference in 2009 produced an ambitious agreement. Pickling sea due to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere caused the extinction of species of marine biota.
Food security is threatened and seriously affect the world economy. In fact, pickling sea rose 30 percent since the industrial age 250 years ago. "Pickling the sea was described as 'wicked pair' of climate change," said Navy Vice Chair IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Dan Laffoley at the launch of a report in The Ocean and Climate Change Tools and Guidelines for Action at the Bella Center, Copenhagen, Danish.
Endangered marine biota include coral reefs and shelled animals, which is a key ocean organisms. Coral reefs are a holder of hundreds of thousands of species of life, including ornamental fish and commercial fish, which provide livelihoods for many coastal communities. Shelled animals play an important role in the marine food chain.
High levels of acid-sea coral reefs causing death, which took tens to hundreds of years to recover. If that happens, the sea can be a source of peril. Whereas 70 percent of the area consists of the world ocean. In addition, nearly 90 percent of the world population is tangent to the sea.
Research publications mentioned, if the CO levels in the atmosphere continue to rise, the acidity of seawater will increase 120 percent in 2060, the largest in 21 million this year. In the year 2100, 70 percent of coral exposed to the cold sea water corrosive. "Marine must be one of the main issues in the discussion," Laffoley said.
Besides the fact the world's population directly dependent on the sea, the ocean has absorbed 25 percent of CO emitted per year and supply of oxygen for living things.
In fact, marine issues still major issues to be negotiated. Recognized that there is a lack of data supporting the role of the ocean as carbon sinks. Especially for the sea in the tropics, such as Indonesia. Some of the judge released more emissions because of the influence of ocean currents and the position of the Sun. Head of the IUCN Marine Program says Carl Gustaf Lundin, now is the right time to cut the rate of emissions in large numbers.

Causes of landslides

2010-02-24T12:06:00.000+07:00

Extreme rainfall and cliff cracks suspected to cause landslides. Researchers from soil erosion Environmental Geography UGM,, rainfall in the region reached 75 millimeters per hari.Padahal, under normal conditions of rainfall ranges from 10 to 20 millimeters per day.

at the top of the cliff that there are cracks that have been closed sedimen.Saat high rainfall, the water continued to enter into the cracks because they do not hold water then the cliff landslide.
t landslide-prone areas, usually can be seen from the ground geological factors.
T land in the volcanic deposits of loose materials like sand and andesite so easy landslide.

"The condition is quite high landslide potential, there is much less vibration, resulting in unstable soil movement, the" bias landslide disasters happen all the time.

Computer Friendly Environment with Organic Crystals

2010-02-22T11:14:00.001+07:00

These crystals are red-orange and allows the creation of electronic devices more environmentally friendly.

Several types of computers can store information by using the character ferroelektrik metal, or metal means it can create positive and negative pole when placed in an electric field. But, usually metal used is a rare species or toxic.

Now, Sachio Horiouchi from the National Institute of Science and Technology of Advanced Industrial Ibaraki, Japan, and his colleagues have discovered the nature of the material ferroelektrik crystal croconic acid, which contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Croconic acid was found 170 years ago, but only in the last decade could be crystallized. When the team Horiuchi provide an electric field in the crystal at room temperature, they can turn the electricity poles.

But the researchers also saw that there was delay between the time the field is removed until the polarity of the crystal is turned. Horiuchi said, is regular for ferroelektrik. Also, this is a clear sign that there is the ability to save and change the electric polarization. These findings suggest that croconic acid can lead to the creation of electronic equipment organic.

Marty Gregg of Queen's University, Belfast, UK, stated, in fact already found other organic polymers that also have ferroelektrik properties, for example polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). "But the organic system than PVDF ferroelektrik pretty cool, because it opens more possibilities for all kinds of organic equipment."

However, he also warned that the results of Horiuchi team also showed that the acid may be too lelet croconic polarity changes to be used as RAM (random access memory for computers) that are ferroelektrik. "But I think these findings will remain warm welcome."

trade show's exhibits

2010-02-21T23:32:00.005+07:00

We are organizing the largest exhibitions in the concept of one-stop shopping with prices on the manufacturer can guarantee the price we offer reasonably priced, from a variety of tradeshow stan.we has helped many customer. we trade show made offers so many items on offer such as: truss, floor tile, banner stands, chairs, lamps, cabinets, furniture table and much more, we are the largest exhibition organizer is by offering a variety of goods with different choice.trade show's exhibits are always a lot of visitors that come to the producers like to work same with us, and many producers are willing to reduce prices in order to achieve higher sales in our exhibitions, so you as the buyer will feel lucky to get a cheap nutrient high-quality goods.

As an example of our products are very interested in a lot of buyers are table civers, to us you will find the closing table with a very high quality.Camelback Displays, Inc. ™ is one of the producers who always provide quality goods with low prices and with many options and colors model according to what you want, and if you want to immediately replace the cover your table would not hurt if you order or buy it at our exhibitions, because we will always be there with the best goods. One more product that we offer to you the table top display that we showcase the variety of unique designs and attractive to a room in your house.

And in addition we also offer you an interesting directors chairs to have a variety of designs and strengths as well as a variety of colors and types, and you will not be made difficult to get it, because we offer our hot line at all times ready to serve and deliver your order, until your home, and you will get a satisfaction with the quality of goods and services to you.

Large cracks in Africa go Become New Ocean

2010-01-25T19:06:00.001+07:00

Addis Ababa, - Gap along the 55 kilometers in the desert of Ethiopia is expected to develop into a new ocean. 6 meters wide slit at some point it begins to open in 2005, and some geologists believe it will become the embryo of a new ocean.

In a study involving a team of international researchers and reported in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, revealed that the gap formation process is similar to what happened in the bottom of the ocean. The same activity is happening today in the Red Sea.

Using seismic data set from 2005, the researchers tried to reconstruct events to show that the gap is open throughout the 55 kilometers in just a few days. Initially, Dabbahu, which is a volcano at the north end of the crack, split, and the flow of magma pushed through the middle of the gap and began to open cracks in both directions.

"We know that the mountains appeared from the ocean floor as magma pressure, but we'll never know that the magma pressure can make it split like this," said Cindy Ebinger, Professor of Earth and Environment at the University of Rochester.

It shows that the active volcanoes along the edge of the ocean tectonic plates can suddenly broke out in large part, and not in small part as believed so far. Events crack came suddenly in the land would be more dangerous for people living in the vicinity, "Ebinger said.

African and Arabian plates meet in the remote Afar desert of North Ethiopia is beginning to split from the process with a rate of less than 1 inch per year over the last 30 million years. This gap Afar depression formed along the 300 km to the Red Sea. Through this route, the Red Sea is expected to flow into the crack in Ethiopia and formed a new sea about a million years. The new ocean will connect the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea between Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia in East Africa.

Bone is the Asteroid Explosion Fall

2010-01-24T21:59:00.000+07:00

Indonesia - Experts astronomy reveals that a large explosion occurred in the waters of the Gulf of Bone on October 8, 2009 and is due to the fall of a meteorite that originated from the asteroid diameter of about 10 meters into the earth.

"The explosion occurred due to atmospheric pressure causes the release of considerable energy, where the meteorite fall rate of about 20.3 km per second or 73,080 km per hour," said astronomers from the Institute of Aviation and Space Agency (Lapan) Dr Thomas Djamaluddin in Jakarta , Tuesday (27/10).

International monitoring system to ban nuclear testing from 11 stations, he said, reported having detected a large explosion that centered around the latitude and longitude 4.5 LS 120 BT, around 11:00 on October 8th Wita. Blast analysis showed that the explosive force of about 50 kilotons of TNT (Trinitrotoluene) and signals the explosion which also reached the high stratosphere more than 20 km.

Most asteroids that fell did not cause damage on Earth, but its diameter reaches more than 25 meters. Djamal say, based on the estimated distribution of meteoroids, asteroids in the space near Earth, such objects have probably fallen on the earth every 2 to 12 years.

On Thursday (8 / 10), citizen Bone, South Sulawesi, were startled by the sound of the explosion in which several witnesses had seen the object emits fire and smoke in the air.

However, information maze outstanding, most thought the explosion was an explosion of Sukhoi fighter jets conducting training of the Air Squadron headquarters at 11 Hassanuddin Sultan Air Base, Makassar.

Meanwhile, the Meteorological Agency, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) IV Makassar had claimed to have been a small earthquake of 1.9 on the Richter scale (SR) on the surface at the border of Bone and Wajo, where the region is Sa `at fault.

Other residents say, an explosion that could cause vibrations in the ground was caused by fish bombing carried out the local fishermen, but there are also people who have guessed that the object was a meteorite.

The formation of Tropical Storm

2010-01-23T23:56:00.000+07:00

From May to late October in the northern waters of Indonesia has established 23 cyclones or tropical storms. The number of storms in the region until the end of November is forecasted to be at or above normal.

Coordinator of the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (TCWC-BMKG) Fachri Rajab, in Jakarta, Thursday (29/10), said that, under normal conditions, the average number of storms, which formed April-November, is 25 , 7 cyclones. Benchmark is based on data from 1968 to 1990.

"There's still time for another month for the formation of cyclones in northern Indonesia. The number of cyclones that formed the current dispute is only 2.7 compared with the average, "said Fachri.

Since the tropical storm that emerged Kyjira and May 8, following 23 other storms. One is the storm that decays Lupit Tuesday (27/10) at around 19:00 pm, 13:00 o'clock in the afternoon the storm had grown Mirinae.

Thursday (29/10) afternoon Mirinae moving toward the east Philippines, the position of latitude 15.8 north and 13.6 east longitude. The distance is 1700 kilometers northeast of Manado.

Mirinae moving into the Pacific Ocean does not give effect to the region is Indonesia. Currently Mirinae still in stable condition with a speed of 139 kilometers per hour.

From tropical storms formed since May, three of which led to the disaster, namely Ketsana and Parma in the Philippines and Taiwan Morakot hit.

For Indonesia, the weather disturbances that could impact on the territory of Indonesia which is close to the storm because of its vortex lines can draw air mass around the equator.

"The emergence of Parma, for example, the wind caused the branch to the north Sulawesi and Maluku," he said.

Therefore, the lifetime of a storm that lasted three days to two weeks continued to be monitored TCWC-BMKG, to see the potential impact for Indonesia, in the form of strong winds, heavy rain and high waves.

Tropical storms formed since sea temperatures above 27 degrees Celsius and wind speeds of more than 67 miles per hour, said Hary Tirto, Head of Meteorological Information BMKG subfields.

Currently, Indonesia entered a period of transition to the rainy season. This is indicated heavy rain and lightning and strong winds a short duration in most of Sumatra; western Borneo, southern, and eastern and some areas in northern part of Central Kalimantan.

Flood alert, winds from Siberia Back Threaten

2010-01-22T15:44:00.002+07:00

Flood alert

JAKARTA, - zone climate forecasting in Indonesia is currently entering the peak of the rainy season. Therefore, some areas downstream watershed and basin needs to beware the threat of heavy rains in a relatively long time that could potentially flood. High rainfall has the potential to occur until the end of January.

This was conveyed Head of Research and Development of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Edvin Adrian, Tuesday (19/1/2010). The rainy season is marked by the occurrence of rain in the evening and early morning.

"The threat of flooding may occur in areas that have been saturated soil because the water absorbs rain since the beginning of the season. Therefore, the rain continued until early in the morning again feared could cause flooding in Jakarta," said Edvin. Similar threats potentially occur in the region around Jakarta, among others, Tangerang and Bekasi.

Major floods in Jakarta in 2002, 2007, and 2008, continued Edvin, beginning with early morning rain until early morning. This is due to land breeze intersection leading to the sea and winds from the north region.

Invasion from the north wind came from Siberia who turn in Hong Kong and headed to Southeast Asia. The formation of this Siberian winds have seen the last few days, the lower the air pressure up to 10 millibars. The wind from the mainland of North Asia that could take place in a matter of weeks.

Madden Julian Oscillation

Meanwhile, Geo System Manager and Hazard Mitigation Technology Laboratory (Geostech) Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) Fadli weather anomalies Shamsuddin saw this a few days. According to him, it was caused by weather anomaly called Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO).

Based on meteorological satellite (Meteorological satellite) MJO anomalies visible symptoms that affect the regional climate in Indonesia.

It also looks low pressure or depression that formed vorteks air or turbulence in the north of Sabah.

"This weather disturbance will strengthen the intensity of rainfall in areas north coast of Java, West Kalimantan, and Lampung next few days,"

Foreign tourists in Bosscha See Eclipse

2010-01-22T15:04:00.002+07:00

BANDUNG, - Enthusiasm solar eclipse witnessed not only citizens of Indonesia have shown, but also a number of foreign tourists who happened to be visiting Bosscha Observatory, Friday (15/1/2010) evening.

One of them is Justin Baznson (23), a tourist from Canada. I was so enthusiastic, Justin who came with 9 friends from Canada have the most unique way of watching some of this solar eclipse. T-shirt t-shirt he wore when it pulled over her head.

Fair, cover the glare (the sun). "Try it if you do not believe it," said the man who followed the Canada World Youth program in Indonesia will invite Compass follow his actions.

Well, that's when it was too enthusiastic. However, this can be understood. Because, according to Justin's confession, this is his first experience watching a solar eclipse. Understandably, he used to live in Northern Canada that let alone an eclipse, which passed the sun seldom shines.

No less unique, a visitor observed an eclipse with a protective shield used for welding. However, what Justin and the man who uses this welding shield is not really recommended. Because, besides not feasible, the observation was not optimal.

Some visitors choose to buy special glasses equipped with filters that have been provided in Bosscha. Some are already armed with paper Millar, the silver paper which he said could weaken to a tenth of the sun thousands of times. Some choose queue in front of the house and Unitron telescope dome in front of Carl Zeiss AG to more clearly see the solar eclipse using special glasses.

From observations in Bosscha, eclipse visible only in part. The sun is usually visible round bump on the right. This occurs because the entry of the shadow of the moon in the eastern part of the sun.

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2010-01-22T14:49:00.003+07:00

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2010-01-21T14:12:00.003+07:00

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2010-01-21T00:36:00.003+07:00

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2010-01-20T15:04:00.004+07:00

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2010-01-20T14:55:00.002+07:00

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2010-01-20T02:33:00.003+07:00

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2010-01-20T02:24:00.003+07:00

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2010-01-20T01:28:00.007+07:00

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2010-01-20T00:53:00.004+07:00

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Solar eclipse

2010-01-19T13:40:00.001+07:00

Solar eclipse seen in the Jakarta

JAKARTA, - Though clouds hanging since morning, the event remains a solar eclipse can be observed in the area of Jakarta. However, it was not fully observed because of occasional clouds blocking the sun.

From region Palmerah, West Jakarta, managed to eclipse events were observed at 15.30-16.00. When the sun suddenly shone brightly, a man who was waiting immediately went to see the longest solar eclipse event in the 21st century this.

By using a lens filter artificial sunlight Thousand Oaks Optical, Canada, several employees Kompas.com line to observe the event from the 5th floor of Building Kompas Gramedia.

Viewed with filter glasses, sun disc appeared slightly interrupted in the lower right. Fields that should be fully visible round was interrupted by a line. In accordance with previous predictions, from Jakarta and surrounding areas, which appear dark part is only about 11 percent since the ring solar eclipse path is through the South Asia region, such as Sri Lanka and India, and not through the territory of Indonesia.

Solar eclipse event this time was the longest eclipse of this millennium with the ring phase lasted for 11 minutes. Based on the record, during the solar eclipse event second only in 1992, by the time 11 minutes 41 seconds.

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions

2010-01-19T13:15:00.001+07:00

Carbon Dioxide Emissions

JAKARTA - The government's commitment of reducing emissions by 26 percent or 41 percent of emissions if international assistance in 2020 did not enter a work program for the Environment Ministry. In a meeting with Commission VII of the House, Monday (18.1.2010), Minister of Environment Gusti Muhammad Hatta did not mention it. Work program that he delivered votes for granted.

"Efforts to decrease emissions 26 percent were not in the delivery of Program 100 days, 1 year and 5 year," said a member of the House of Representatives Commission VII, Ismayati, in a working meeting which was attended by dozens of officials of Ministry of Environment.

According Ismayati, the program 26 percent emission reduction is very important. This was related to the government's commitment to international express and so are not considered true that the victimization of the public.

Vice Chairman of Commission VII of DPR Farial Achmad said, emissions reduction program for 26 per cent is not clear. Supposedly, this ministry is able to describe the program, for example by calculating the contribution of each local government to reduce emissions in each region.

Gusti on that occasion delivered a written program of work as much as 14 pages.

He stated, 100 Day Program successfully implemented. In the program there are two agendas, the preparation of documents for Indonesia's position on the UN Climate Change Conference 2009 and the establishment of forest fire prevention mechanisms.

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2010-01-19T13:00:00.004+07:00

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2010-01-19T03:36:00.003+07:00

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2010-01-19T02:03:00.003+07:00

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Sosialisasi Konsep REDD

2010-01-16T21:20:00.000+07:00

KOPENHAGEN,– Konsep Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD), menjadi salah satu materi yang hangat diperbincangkan dalam pertemuan Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi PBB mengenai perubahan iklim di Kopenhagen, Denmark. Materi ini diusulkan menjadi salah satu yang diatur dalam kesepakatan baru pengganti Protokol Kyoto.

Bagi negara berkembang dengan tutupan hutan yang luas, digolkannya konsep REDD sangat diharapkan terutama untuk mendapatkan dukungan finansial dalam melakukan upaya perbaikan hutan. Pilot project REDD di Indonesi, Berau Forest Carbon Program/BFCP, dilakukan di Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur, di sebuah hutan dengan luas 2,2 juta hektar. Target yang hendak dicapai adalah pengelolaan efektif 800.000 hektar hutan dan mencegah emisi karbon 10 juta ton CO2 dalam waktu 5 tahun.

Senior Advisor The Nature Conservancy, Wardojo Wahyudi mengatakan, pihaknya saat ini tengah melakukan kerjasama dengan pemilik hak pengelolaan hutan (HPH), pemilik perkebunan kelapa sawit dan dengan pemerintah daerah setempat. Untuk memulai proyek ini, dilakukan pula pendekatan dengan masyarakat lokal.

“Pendekatan bundling jadi satu, untuk menghindari sensitifitas tentang tenure, human rights dan lain-lain. Kami bekerja sama dengan HPH, agar menurunkan emisinya dari forest degradation, bekerja dengan beberapa perkebunan kelapa sawit yang punya hak konversi hutan, dan membantu pemerintah melakukan manajemen hutan lindung lebih baik,” kata Wahyudi, dalam paparan REDD di Indonesia, dalam rangkaian Forest Day, di Kopenhagen, Denmark, Minggu (13/12/2009).

Sebelum mulai mengimplementasikan proyek ini, dilakukan analisa terhadap karakter daerah setempat. Dikatakan Wahyudi, setidaknya dibutuhkan waktu sekitar 5 tahun untuk membuat segalanya mapan dilaksanakan. “Setelah dilakukan analisis, ternyata ada perbedaan dalam karakteristik masyarakat yang harus menjadi perhatian. Dalam waktu lima tahun lah, dengan pendampingan kita, pemda dan komunitas akan siap. Dengan catatan, pendanaan harus mulai ada tahun depan,”

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2010-01-16T20:43:00.001+07:00

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Hand bags Louis Vuitton

2010-01-16T20:19:00.004+07:00

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2010-01-16T01:04:00.005+07:00

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2010-01-16T00:20:00.010+07:00

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a place to store bicycles

2010-01-15T20:57:00.002+07:00

a place to store bicycles/bike shads
The house can be a storage place, the goods are in need, but if the stuff we keep out of place, will make our house like a warehouse. Such as bicycles, our favorite bike when the leave was not in place will easily damaged or stolen other people, and, therefore, we must have a place to store our bikes safely to and not easily damaged, and homes we also look neat and clean.
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Tehnik baru menghancurkan metana

2010-01-12T11:25:00.000+07:00

Tehnik baru menghancurkan metana
Pemanasan global akibat akumulasi gas-gas di atmosfer, di antaranya metana, menimbulkan efek lanjutan, yaitu perubahan iklim dan kondisi lingkungan bumi yang memburuk. Namun selama ini perhatian banyak dipusatkan untuk menekan gas karbon. Padahal, metana-lah yang menjadi penyebab terbesar pemanasan global. Maka, belakangan sasaran mulai diarahkan pada gas yang satu ini.
Sumber gas metana atau CH ada di mana-mana, bukan hanya dari rawa atau lahan basah. Gas metana juga bisa muncul akibat aktivitas manusia, mulai dari toilet di rumah tangga, lahan pertanian, dan peternakan, hingga tempat pembuangan sampah. Namun, penghasil metana paling menonjol adalah sektor pertanian dan peternakan.
Seperti dilaporkan Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian (FAO) tahun 2006, dari industri peternakan tercatat emisi gas penyebab efek rumah kaca paling dominan adalah metana (37 persen), sedangkan karbon dioksida (CO) hanya 9 persen. Masih menurut FAO, dalam lingkup global pun industri peternakan penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) tertinggi, yaitu 18 persen, bahkan melebihi emisi gas yang berasal dari sektor transportasi, yang hanya 13 persen.
Mulai bangkit
Volume metana yang melingkupi permukaan bumi mungkin belum seberapa. Di perut bumi dan dasar laut kutub utara terkubur 400 miliar ton gas ini, atau 3.000 kali volume yang ada di atmosfer. Namun, lambat laun gas dari permafrost ini mulai bangkit dari kuburnya akibat dieksploitasi untuk sumber energi. Selain itu, pencairan es juga terjadi di kutub karena pemanasan global.
Kondisi ini jelas memperburuk efek GRK karena potensi gas metana 25 kali lipat dibandingkan CO. Kalkulasi tersebut berdasar pada dampak yang ditimbulkannya selama seabad terakhir. Namun, penghitungan jumlah rata-rata metana dalam 20 tahun terakhir meningkat 72 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan CO.
Bila itu terjadi, ancaman kepunahan spesies di muka bumi akan membayang, seperti yang pernah terjadi pada masa Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) 55 juta tahun lalu dan pada akhir periode Permian sekitar 251 juta tahun lalu.

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satu orang satu pohon

2010-01-10T20:32:00.000+07:00

indonesia canangkan,penanaman pohon demi mencegah terjadinya pemanasan global.

Copenhagen Generate the Discipline Failed Forest Protection

2009-12-28T02:16:00.001+07:00

Copenhagen, - Efforts to protect tropical forests in the world by paying the countries that have forests to sustain its existence suspended. World leaders failed to approve the agreement binding in konerensi climate change in Copenhagen, Danish which ended yesterday.

In fact, burning trees for the provision of land or livestock and plantation forest logging for timber has resulted in 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions world. This figure is equivalent to the carbon dioxide produced by all cars, trucks, trains, aircraft, and ships around the world.

Approximately 13 million hectares of forest land harvested each year. This figure is equivalent to the size of the UK or the state of New York, USA. Based on data reported by Eliasch Review, emissions resulting from deforestation is equivalent to the emissions produced by China and the U.S.. Deforestation due to logging, farming, and agriculture has put Indonesia and Brazil as the largest emitter of the third and fourth in the world, after China and the U.S..

"The absence of a binding agreement causes of forest destruction continues, the rights of people whose lives depend on the forest will be protected and not reduced populations of endangered animals," said Stephen Leonard of the Australian Orangutan Project.

Executive Director of the Coalition of Rainforest Nations, Kevin Conrad, saying, REDD, or reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation will only be decided next year. "This is very sad. This means I have to spend one more year ... to come to meetings and talk about the things the same," he said.

However, some parties say, even without the legal framework, REDD memeroleh advantage of the meeting in Copenhagen. At least, world leaders agreed in Copenhagen to raise $ 30 billion U.S. dollars over the next three years, and 100 billion dollars until the year 2020, to help poor countries. Surely some of this money will be used for forestry programs.

"Failure to produce a comprehensive agreement on the forests is very disappointing," said Michael Levi, a senior in the field of energy and environment at the Council on Foreign Relations.

"But if the state could disburse the funds advanced 100 billion dollars each year as directed in the Copenhagen Accord, there is no doubt that this will help efforts to protect forests," he added.

REDD will be financed by rich countries or through the mechanism of carbon trading - a system in which each country will have a platform emissions. This system allows countries that produce emissions below the platform to sell emissions credits to countries that produce emissions exceeding platforms.

Two years ago, Norway announced its commitment to spend U.S. $ 500 million to reduce deforestation on climate change meeting in Bali. "And now, the U.S. has shown his willingness to play a role in the same group," said President of the Union of Concerned Scientists Kevin Knobloch.

Bencana di depan mata

2009-12-25T10:33:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, - Malapetaka akibat pemanasan global yang mengakibatkan perubahan iklim mengancam semua makhluk tanpa kecuali. Sebagai salah satu upaya menghindarkan petaka tersebut, mulai hari ini, Senin (7/12), utusan lebih dari 190 negara mulai berunding dalam Konferensi Perubahan Iklim PBB di Kopenhagen, Denmark.

Pada Pertemuan Para Pihak Ke-15 (COP-15) Konferensi Perubahan Iklim PBB (UNCCC) ini akan berlangsung negosiasi untuk mencapai kesepakatan baru sebagai pengganti skema Protokol Kyoto yang akan berakhir masa berlakunya pada 2012. Sebanyak 145 negara meratifikasi Protokol Kyoto yang disetujui pada 1997.

Fenomena pemanasan global, menurut pakar agroklimatologi yang juga reviewer emisi karbon negara-negara maju dalam Annex I, Rizaldi Boer, sudah terjadi di Indonesia.

Pendapat senada dinyatakan Kepala Pusat Perubahan Iklim dan Kualitas Udara Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) Edvin Aldrian di Jakarta, Sabtu (5/12).

Menurut Edvin, pemanasan global di antaranya terlihat dari perubahan suhu permukaan di seluruh wilayah di Indonesia.

Berdasarkan data dari BMKG tentang perubahan suhu minimum dan maksimum yang terpantau pada 1980-2002 di 33 stasiun pemantau, kenaikan tertinggi perubahan suhu maksimum di Denpasar, Bali, sebesar 0,087 derajat celsius per tahun. Sementara kenaikan tertinggi perubahan suhu maksimum ada di Polonia, Medan, Sumatera Utara, sebesar 0,172 derajat celsius.

”Besarannya berbeda di setiap kota,” ujar Edvin. Kenaikan suhu merupakan kecenderungan yang sedang dihadapi dunia.

Sejumlah bukti ilmiah menunjukkan, kenaikan suhu global pada abad ke-21 diperkirakan 2-4,5 derajat celsius akibat meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer.

Di Indonesia, perubahan itu terasa pada panjang pendeknya musim hujan atau kemarau. Secara umum, perubahan iklim berdampak pada musim hujan memendek, sebaliknya musim kemarau semakin panjang.

Di bidang pertanian, hal itu berdampak langsung pada hasil panen. ”Gagal panen dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir kian sering,” kata Rizaldi, yang juga dosen sekaligus Direktur Pusat Pengelolaan Risiko dan Peluang Iklim Kawasan Asia Pasifik (CCROM SEAP) IPB.

Dampak kelautannya, iklim ekstrem mengganggu pelayaran dan nelayan karena badai tropis kian sering. Gelombang tinggi juga kian sering mengganggu nelayan. Nelayan sekarang melaut rata-rata tinggal 200 hari setahun dibandingkan dengan 10 tahun lalu yang bisa 365 hari setahun.

”Nelayan harus tambah ongkos alat dan bahan bakar karena ikan-ikan berenang kian dalam,” kata Direktur Pesisir dan Lautan Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan Subandono Diposaptono.

Memendeknya musim hujan berbanding terbalik dengan musim kering. Interval kedatangan El Nino pun kian sering menjadi sekali dalam 3-4 tahun, yang semula 7 tahun rentangnya. El Nino akan diikuti musim kering yang panjang yang berpotensi timbulkan kebakaran hutan.

Malapetaka global

Berdasarkan perkiraan sejumlah ahli, suhu Bumi saat ini meningkat 0,5 derajat celsius dari level 150 tahun silam. Kenaikan akan terus meningkat jika tak ada kemauan negara maju menurunkan laju emisi.

Kenaikan muka laut sudah terasa di sejumlah negara, termasuk Indonesia. Kota Semarang, Belawan (Medan), dan Jakarta merupakan kota terdampak kenaikan muka laut itu, berkisar 5-9,37 milimeter per tahun pada tahun 1990-an. Berdasarkan skenario Panel Internasional Antarpemerintah untuk Perubahan Iklim (IPCC), kenaikan suhu Bumi hingga 6 derajat celsius berpotensi menaikkan muka laut hingga 1 meter pada tahun 2100. Puluhan juta penduduk di seluruh dunia akan terancam migrasi karena banjir, kekurangan air, dan iklim ekstrem.

Kondisi Jakarta

Sementara itu, Jakarta hingga kini masih berpredikat sebagai salah satu kota besar penghasil polusi udara terbesar di dunia. Emisi karbon yang dihasilkan kendaraan bermotor dan industri juga besar. Untuk itu, sejak enam tahun terakhir, Jakarta mulai berbenah.

”Perang melawan dampak buruk perubahan iklim dilakukan dengan dua strategi, yaitu adaptasi dan mitigasi. Adaptasi yaitu bagaimana kita berupaya membenahi lingkungan yang mengalami kerusakan dan mitigasi atau pencegahan,” kata Kepala Badan Pengelola Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (BPLHD) DKI Jakarta Peni Susanti, Minggu.

Menurut dia, beberapa upaya adaptasi, misalnya, dengan penanaman bakau di lahan seluas 344 hektar di pesisir Jakarta Utara, khususnya di kawasan Kapuk. Sementara upaya mitigasi, antara lain, dengan penerapan uji emisi kendaraan bermotor, pemberlakuan hari bebas kendaraan bermotor rutin setiap bulan, kampanye pengelolaan sampah dan mengurangi pembuangan sampah tidak pada tempatnya, serta pembuatan sumur resapan maupun lubang biopori.

Gubernur DKI Fauzi Bowo dalam pertemuan The Asia Pacific Weeks 2009 di Berlin, Jerman, awal Oktober lalu, menekankan, ada banyak hal yang diprogramkan DKI untuk turut melawan dampak perubahan iklim. Program besar yang telah dicanangkan adalah penggunaan bahan bakar gas untuk bus transjakarta dan sebagian bajaj.

Akhir 2009, Jakarta juga menjajaki kemungkinan melebarkan pelayanan bus jalur khusus ke Bekasi dan Tangerang. Pertemuan antarpemerintah wilayah terkait mulai dilakukan. Semua ini dilakukan, kata Fauzi, untuk menyediakan angkutan umum yang nyaman untuk mengurangi emisi karbon.

Perubahan gaya hidup

Anggota Forum Pengembangan Kota Berkelanjutan, Nana Firman, mengingatkan, semua orang sebenarnya berkontribusi pada isu perubahan iklim karena pada setiap aktivitasnya setiap manusia mengeluarkan emisi karbon. ”Mobilitas kita dengan kendaraan itu mengeluarkan emisi karbon karena memakai bahan bakar fosil, bensin. Juga ketika kita membeli barang dan menggunakan barang-barang elektronik. Bahan bakar pembangkit listrik juga bahan bakar fosil, batu bara,” ujarnya.

”Karena kita berkontribusi dan kita menyadari dampaknya, kita harus bertanggung jawab. Untuk itu, kita harus ada niat yang disusul dengan upaya. Upaya ini adalah upaya mengubah perilaku,” ujarnya.

Beberapa perilaku yang bisa diubah demi mengurangi emisi karbon antara lain memilih kendaraan yang lebih kecil emisinya, misal menggunakan kendaraan umum, atau bahkan tanpa mengeluarkan emisi seperti naik sepeda atau jalan kaki.

Ia menyadari, ”Masih banyak PR yang harus dikerjakan karena kesadaran kita bahwa kita berkontribusi pada pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim masih sangat rendah.”

UNFCCC Optimistis Hasil pertemuan KOPENHAGEN

2009-12-22T07:31:00.000+07:00

KOPENHAGEN, - Sekretaris Eksekutif Konvensi Badan Dunia untuk Perubahan Iklim (UNFCCC), Yvo de Boer optimistis KTT Perubahan Iklim ke-15 akan menghasilkan kesepakatan internasional yang efektif dan ambisius.

Yvo de Boer dalam konferensi pers di Kopenhagen, Minggu (6/12), mengatakan, dalam waktu kurang dari dua minggu, negara-negara peserta konvensi UNFCCC harus memberikan respons yang memadai untuk tantangan penting dari perubahan iklim.

"Para negosiator sekarang mempunyai sinyal yang terkuat dari para pemimpin dunia untuk membuat proposal negosiasi bisa dilaksanakan dalam aksi," kata de Boer.

Merujuk pada beberapa janji pengurangan emisi yang telah dibuat oleh negara-negara maju dan berkembang pada pertemuan menjelang COP-15, dia mengatakan hal tersebut merupakan momentum politik yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya untuk menghasilkan kesepakatan yang ambisius di Kopenhagen.

"Belum pernah selama 17 tahun dalam perundingan iklim terdapat begitu banyak negara-negara yang telah mengonfirmasi janji penurunan emisi bersama," kata petinggi UNFCCC tersebut.

Oleh karena itu, de Boer mengatakan, konvensi di Kopenhagen telah menjadi titik balik respons internasional untuk perubahan iklim.

Ada tiga tahapan aksi bagi pemerintah yang harus dilakukan selama dua minggu konvensi yaitu implementasi yang cepat dan efektif untuk aksi segera pada perubahan iklim, komitmen yang tinggi untuk mengurangi dan membatasi emisi, termasuk pendanaan awal dan komitmen pendanaan jangka panjang, serta satu visi jangka panjang bersama untuk pembangunan rendah emisi di masa mendatang.

Ia mengatakan pada 2010, perlu segera dilakukannya aksi mendesak pada pengurangan emisi, adaptasi dari dampak
yang tidak terhindarkan dari perubahan iklim, pembiayaan yang cukup, teknologi, pengurangan emisi dari penggundulan hutan di negara berkembang (REDD) dan peningkatan kapasitas.

Negara-negara maju akan menyediakan pembiayaan segera untuk memenuhi paling tidak 10 miliar dolar AS per tahun sampai 2012 untuk membantu negara-negara berkembang untuk membuat dan meluncurkan strategi adaptasi dan pertumbuhan rendah emisi segera, serta membangun kapasitas internal.

Pada kesempatan yang sama, negara-negara maju perlu menunjukkan bagaimana keseriusan mereka dalam pembiayaan jangka panjang yang mungkin dan berlanjut, serta bagaimana komitmen jangka panjang mereka.

Ketua Kelompok Kerja Ad-hoc untuk Kerja Sama Jangka Panjang UNFCCC (Chair of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention/AWG-LCA), Michael Zammit Cutajar mengatakan, KTT Perubahan Iklim di Kopenhagen harus sukses mengantarkan janji UNFCCC, yang akan mengubah jalan semua negara melakukan aksi dan kerjasama untuk menangani perubahan iklim.

Berdasarkan Panel Antarpemerintah pada Perubahan Iklim (the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change/IPCC), pengurangan emisi bersama oleh negara-negara maju antara 25 - 40 persen dari emisi level 1990 pada 2020 untuk mengamankan dari dampak paling buruk dari perubahan iklim, dan target penurunan emisi paling tidak 50 persen pada 2050.

Meski IPCC telah menyatakan skenario tersebut, diprediksi hanya ada 50 persen peluang untuk menghindari konsekuensi bencana yang paling mengerikan akibat perubahan iklim.

Sedangkan Ketua Kelompok Kerja sama Komitmen Kedua Protokol Kyoto (the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol), John Ashe mengatakan, ada dua hal yang perlu dilakukan yaitu perlunya peningkatan level komitmen negara-negara maju sesuai target masing-masing negara.

Selain itu dibutuhkannya suatu cara dan aturan yang dapat memantau secara cepat dari pencapaian target negara-negara maju, seperti mekanisme pasar karbon, serta penggunaan lahan dan pengalihan fungsi lahan (LULUCF).

KTT Perubahan Iklim yang digelar pada 7 - 18 Desember di Kopenhagen, Denmark, diperkirakan akan diikuti oleh lebih dari 15.000 partisipan, termasuk delegasi dari 192 negara. Sekitar 60 kepala negara termasuk Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Presiden Amerika Barrack Obama, Kanselir Jerman Angela Merkel dan Presiden Prancis Nikolas Zarkosky bakal menghadiri KTT Perubahan Iklim yang ke-15 tersebut.

taukah anda listrik???

2009-12-21T08:30:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, - Tahukah Anda? Konsumsi listrik di Jakarta pada tahun 2007 hampir mencapai 23 persen total konsumsi listrik seluruh Indonesia. Sedangkan di akhir tahun 2005 cadangan listrik di Jawa-Bali hanya tinggal 120 megawatt padahal idealnya cadangan minimum listrik yang harus tersedia sebesar 600 megawatt.

Secara global, sektor ketenaga listrikan telah menyumbang hampir 40 persen emisi karbon. Data di atas dipaparkan dalam papan-papan di zona listrik Green Festival Jakarta, Minggu (5/12) yang digelar di Parkir Timur Senayan.

Selain memaparkan kondisi ketenaga listrikan saat ini, zona listrik juga memperlihatkan data dari mana listrik berasal, grafik penggunaan listrik di Jawa, Madura, dan Bali yang menunjukkan penggunaan listrik terbesar terjadi pada pukul 18.00-20.00 serta beberapa tips menghemat listrik misalnya menghemat listirk pada kulkas, kipas angin, pendingin ruangan dan televisi.

Untuk menghemat listrik pada kulkas misalnya, dengan menutup pintu kulkas dengan rapat atau tidak memasukkan makanan atau minuman panas ke dalam kulkas. Selain memaparkan data, zona listrik Green Festival juga memutar video kartun lingkungan yang menyerukan untuk mengganti bohlam lampu dengan yang lebih hemat.

Tersedia pula informasi mengenai sumber energi alternatif seperti tenaga angin, panas bumi, air, energi surya, dan geothermal. Disampaikan bahwa energi geothermal merupakan energi yang dihasilkan dari interaksi panas batuan dengan air yang mengalir di sekitarnya. Interaksi tersebut kemudian menghasilkan uap yang dimanfaatkan untuk menggerakkan turbin dan menghasilkan listrik.

Zona listrik adalah salah satu zona yang tersedia di area Green Festival 2009 yang digelar di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta 5-6 Desember. Jumlah pengunjung yang memadati zona ini cukup banyak mulai dari anak-anak, remaja hingga orangtua.

Green Festival 2009 merupakan kampanye tahunan isu pemanasan global diselenggarakan Green Initiative Forum di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta, 5-6 Desember. Tujuannya untuk membangun kesadaran masyarakat dan menyebarluaskan isu pemanasan global.

Racun asap kendaraan

2009-12-14T11:26:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, - Tahukah Anda, asap kendaraan bermotor menyumbang 26 persen dari total emisi yang dihasilkan di Indonesia dan menyebabkan 60-90 persen dari seluruh polusi di negara-negara industri?

Menurut data Bappenas, setiap kali kendaraan mengeluarkan asap, sekitar 1.000 unsur beracun yang terkandung di dalamnya turut mengotori udara. Demikian informasi mengenai asap kendaraan yang dipaparkan di papan kuning zona kendaraan Green Festival, Minggu (6/12) di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta.

Unsur-unsur beracun yang terkandung asap kendaraan seperti karbon monoksida, karbon dioksida, partikulat, ozon, timbel, dan sulfur dioksida pada akhirnya dapat menimbulkan penyakit seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA). Menurut data Bappenas, pada tahun 2005 penderita rawat inap akibat ISPA mencapai 125 ribu orang. Lebih mengenaskan lagi, sekitar 6.000 orang meninggal akibat ISPA di tahun 2005.

Zona kendaraan merupakan salah satu zona yang digelar di Green Festival untuk memperkenalkan kepada pengunjung bahaya asap kendaraan. Selain mendapat beragam informasi, di zona ini pengunjung dapat mencoba bersepeda yang dinilai sebagai alat transportasi ramah lingkungan karena tidak mengeluarkan asap.

Menurut informasi di papan kuning lainnya, bersepeda selama 20 menit per hari dapat menghemat 1,2 liter bahan bakar minyak. Untuk itu, disarankan jika ingin bepergian jarak dekat, gunakanlah sepeda.

Seperti diberitakan sebelumnya, Green Festival 2009 memiliki beberapa zona yakni zona kendaraan, zona air, zona sampah, zona listrik, dan zona pohon. Masing-masing zona memberikan informasi terkait zona yang dimaksud.

Green Festival 2009 sendiri merupakan acara kampanye tahunan yang bertujuan menyebarluaskan sekaligus menyadarkan masyarakat akan bahaya pemanasan global. Digelar oleh Green Initiative Forum di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta, 5-6 Desember, Green Festival 2009 dipadati pengunjung di hari keduanya.

lingkungan hidup

2009-12-14T09:27:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, - Sekitar enam miliar orang di dunia menggantungkan oksigennya dari hutan dunia yang luasnya hanya 30 persen dari seluruh total daratan bumi. Di Indonesia saja, menurut data Statistik Kehutanan Indonesia, di tahun 2007 area hutan Indonesia sekitar 133 juta hektar dari 191 juta hektar luas daratan.

Sedangkan di Amerika, luas hutannya hanya 303 juta hektar dari 916 juta hektar total luas daratannya.

Informasi mengenai perbandingan luas area hutan dan luas negara tersebut dipaparkan pada papan hijau zona hutan Green Festival 2009 di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta, Minggu (6/12).

Untuk area hutan di Indonesia, menurut informasi di papan zona hutan, Indonesia memiliki kawasan hutan yang sangat luas, yakni sekitar 133,7 juta hektar yang luasnya lebih besar dibandingkan hutan di Inggris, Jerman, Perancis, dan Finlandia.

Indonesia juga memiliki hutan bakau atau mangrove terluas di dunia, yakni sekitar 19 persen dari total luas hutan bakau di dunia ada di Indonesia pada tahun 2005. Sementara di tahun 2008, menurut data Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup, luas hutan bakau di Indonesia sekitar 9,2 juta hektar.

Dari 9,2 juta hektar hutan bakau yang ada, menurut data di papan zona pohon, hanya 2,5 juta hektar yang berkondisi baik. Sisanya, 4,5 juta hektar rusak sedang, dan 2,1 juta hektar dinyatakan rusak. Kondisi tersebut patut disayangkan. Pasalnya, tanaman bakau sangat berguna menahan abrasi dan gelombang tsunami.

Disampaikan pula di papan zona pohon, secara umum pohon memiliki banyak fungsi. Pohon mampu menyerap karbon dioksida, mengeluarkan oksigen, dan menurunkan suhu udara dengan uap air dari daunnya. Satu pohon mampu memberi oksigen untuk 18 orang per tahun. Dalam setahun, satu pohon bisa menyerap karbondioksida sebanyak yang dihasilkan mobil yang berjalan sejauh 14 km.

Selain itu pohon turut meningkatkan kualitas air dengan memperlambat dan menyaring air hujan serta menjaga tanah. Akar pohon mampu menjaga tanah tetap stabil dan mencegah erosi. Zona Pohon Green Festival 2009 memberikan pendidikan lingkungan kepada pengunjung, terutama yang berkaitan dengan pohon.

Di zona ini, juga terdapat "Wish Tree" berupa sebatang pohon tempat pengunjung menggantung harapan-harapan mereka yang ditulis di sebuah kertas. Seperti yang diberitakan sebelumnya, Green Festival 2009 menggelar beberapa zona lingkungan seperti zona pohon, air, kendaraan, listrik, dan sampah.

Green Festival merupakan acara kampanye lingkungan yang digelar Green Initiative Forum di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta, 5-6 Desember dengan tujuan menyebarkan sekaligus menyadarkan masyarakat bahaya pemanasan global.

GREEN FESTIVAL

2009-12-13T03:36:00.001+07:00

INDONESIA — Apa itu perubahan iklim? Sebuah pernyataan mengklaim bahwa isu tersebut amat elitis. Pengertian tentang iklim saja masih banyak dikelirukan dengan cuaca. Apalagi istilah-istilah seperti ”emisi” dan ”gas rumah kaca”. Yang terakhir sering dikelirukan dengan ”bangunan dengan jendela kaca”. Pernyataan itu pernah keluar dari seorang pejabat yang mengurus lingkungan dan dari seorang guru Biologi. Mengenaskan...?

Gas rumah kaca—istilah yang dilekatkan pada sejumlah gas yang berfungsi seperti ”rumah kaca” pada istilah pertanian—yaitu rumah kecil dengan atap kaca yang berfungsi menstabilkan suhu dan cahaya matahari agar tanaman tumbuh optimal.

Gas rumah kaca dalam isu perubahan iklim adalah jenis gas tertentu (ada enam jenis) yang dikeluarkan (istilah khususnya adalah ”emisi”) ke atmosfer sebagai akibat dari berbagai aktivitas manusia. Gas rumah kaca inilah yang kemudian memerangkap suhu dari radiasi panas matahari sehingga suhu Bumi meningkat.

Semua pengetahuan itu tersaji di Green Festival 2009 secara gamblang dan dikemas sedemikian rupa sehingga pengunjung terhibur. ”Ini upaya bagus sekali untuk meningkatkan kesadaran (awareness) masyarakat soal perubahan iklim dan pemanasan global,” ujar tokoh lingkungan Erna Witoelar saat mengunjungi Green Festival pertama tahun lalu.

Awalnya adalah pengenalan, kemudian penyadaran. Selanjutnya adalah keputusan mengubah perilaku untuk menghambat laju pemanasan global. Perilaku setiap individu pun perlu disesuaikan untuk beradaptasi dengan kondisi alam yang sudah berubah. Semua itu bisa didapat pengunjung pada Green Festival hari Sabtu dan Minggu ini (5-6 Desember 2009).

Mantan Wakil Presiden AS Al Gore, peraih Nobel Perdamaian 2008, di Melbourne, Australia, beberapa waktu lalu saat pelatihan presenter perubahan iklim, mengatakan, ”Saya bermimpi semua orang di dunia paham perubahan iklim sehingga pemerintah dan politisi bisa ditekan oleh masyarakatnya untuk mengambil keputusan tepat guna menghentikan laju pemanasan global.”

pengolahan sampah

2009-12-13T03:29:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, — Menghilangkan tumpukan sampah dengan membakarnya bukanlah cara yang tepat. Jika sampah dibakar di bawah suhu 600 derajat celsius, pembakarannya dapat menghasilkan senyawa dioksin dan furan yang menyebabkan kanker. Namun, tumpukan sampah jika dibiarkan juga dapat menghasilkan gas metana yang dua kali lebih berbahaya dari karbon dioksida. Satu ton tumpukan sampah padat dapat menghasilkan 62 meter kubik gas metana. Lantas apa cara yang tepat mengatasi sampah?

Dalam petunjuk yang tertera di papan hijau zona sampah Green Festival 2009 di Parkir Timur Senayan, Minggu (6/12), sampah bisa diatasi menggunakan rumus 5R yakni, reduce, reuse, recycle, replace, dan rethink. Dengan reduce atau mengurangi sampah, kita turut mengurangi kemungkinan banjir. Dengan reuse atau menggunakan kembali barang-barang seperti menggunakan kembali kantong belanjaan, hal itu dapat memperpanjang masa pakai sampah.

Selanjutnya, lakukan recycle atau mendaur ulang sampah untuk dijadikan barang baru seperti daur ulang kertas atau plastik, atau memanfaatkan plastik kemasan deterjen sebagai pot tanaman. Kemudian, replace, yaitu mulai mengganti barang sekali pakai dan barang yang tidak ramah lingkungan dengan barang yang dapat didaur ulang. Misalnya mengganti sendok plastik dengan sendok aluminium. Terakhir, lakukan rethink, yakni memikirkan kembali keputusan kita dalam membeli atau menggunakan barang. Pada saat berbelanja, sebaiknya memilih barang yang tidak boros kemasan dan ramah lingkungan seperti barang yang dikemas karton.

Selain informasi mengenai 5R, masih banyak informasi lain seperti jenis-jenis kompos dan cara pengelolaan sampah kering dan basah di zona sampah Green Festival 2009. Seperti yang diberitakan sebelumnya, Green Festival 2009 diselenggarakan oleh Green Initiative Forum di Parkir Timur Senayan Jakarta, 5-6 Desember.

Iklim berubah,bahaya semakin meningkat

2009-12-13T03:24:00.000+07:00

KOPENHAGEN, - Konferensi Perubahan Iklim PBB 2009 dibuka resmi di tengah suhu kota Kopenhagen, Denmark, yang hampir 0 derajat. Di hadapan delegasi dari 192 negara, Direktur Eksekutif UNFCCC Yvo de Boer membuka pidatonya dengan kisah anak laki-laki Nyi Lay.

Anak laki-laki berusia 6 tahun itu harus kehilangan ayah, ibu, dan saudaranya akibat badai tropis. Kenaikan suhu global, yang saat ini sudah terjadi, di antaranya meningkatkan terjadinya badai tropis dengan bahaya lebih besar. Jutaan jiwa di kawasan pesisir pantai berada dalam bahaya akibat badai tropis ataupun kenaikan muka laut, seiring dengan melelehnya gunung es di kawasan kutub.

”Konferensi bisa disebut sukses hanya bila ada kesepakatan signifikan dan tindakan segera, sesaat setelah penutupan,” kata Yvo, Senin (7/12) di Kopenhagen, saat pembukaan. Sebelum pembukaan sejumlah LSM internasional menggelar spanduk mengingatkan pentingnya mendahulukan kepentingan dunia di atas kepentingan politik sesaat.

Seusai pembukaan aliansi organisasi masyarakat Tcktcktck menyerahkan petisi yang ditandatangani 10 juta orang. Mereka berseru kepada para pemimpin dunia untuk mewujudkan kesepakatan iklim yang adil, ambisius, dan mengikat.

Perdebatan panas

Perdana Menteri Denmark Lars Lokke Rasmussen menyatakan bahwa para delegasi memiliki beberapa perbedaan cara pandang terhadap kerangka perjanjian. Dua pekan mendatang akan diisi perdebatan panas delegasi.

Ia mengajak para delegasi mampu melewati hari-hari itu dan mencapai hasil yang bisa diterima semua pihak sekaligus kuat dan ambisius. ”Sebuah perjanjian yang efektif dan operasional,” kata dia.

Menurut Yvo, setidaknya dibutuhkan dana sebesar 10 miliar dollar AS sebagai awal pendanaan mitigasi, adaptasi, alih teknologi, dan pembangunan kapasitas di negara-negara berkembang. Kemauan politik harus dapat diterjemahkan dalam persoalan riil di atas.

Bencana mengancam

Ketua Panel Ahli Antarnegara untuk Perubahan Iklim (IPCC) Rajendra Kumar Pachauri menyebutkan, data ilmiah yang dikaji ribuan ahli dari seluruh dunia menemukan fakta, kenaikan suhu global telah menyebabkan kenaikan muka laut 17 sentimeter saat ini akibat kenaikan suhu rata-rata global 0,74 derajat celsius.

Artinya, negara-negara seperti Banglades dan negara pulau-pulau kecil dengan daratan 1-2 meter di atas permukaan laut berada dalam ancaman terendam. Semua bahaya ini disebabkan pola pembangunan yang rakus emisi sejak era kelahiran industri.

Pachauri secara khusus memuji Denmark sebagai laboratorium mitigasi perubahan iklim. Sejak dikenalkan pertama kali tahun 1980 lalu, turbin angin Denmark menghasilkan listrik 100 kali lipat.

Angka penjualan industri manufaktur turbin angin Denmark terus naik. Hal itu menunjukkan manfaat langsung ekonomi dari pembangunan ramah lingkungan rendah emisi.

Konferensi dua pekan ini akan dihadiri 110 kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan, termasuk Presiden Barack Obama, yang tiga hari lalu mengubah jadwal kedatangannya menjadi tepat saat negosiasi diperkirakan kritis, 18 Desember, bersamaan dengan kehadiran Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.

”Kehadiran mereka merefleksikan determinasi politis untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim. Juga mewakili peluang amat besar yang jangan sampai terlewat,” kata Lars Lokke Rasmussen. Kedatangan ratusan kepala negara dan pemimpin pemerintahan diharapkan menghasilkan kesepakatan yang efektif.

Hingga kini negosiasi masih dibayang-bayangi kebuntuan terkait komitmen negara maju mengenai jumlah emisi yang akan diturunkan.

Kelompok organisasi nonpemerintah yang mengamati negosiasi iklim menyebutkan, negara maju harus menurunkan emisinya sebesar 40 persen pada tahun 2020 dari level emisi tahun 1990. Mereka juga harus menyiapkan pendanaan mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim sebesar 195 miliar dollar AS pada tahun 2020.

Sementara itu, emisi dari perusakan hutan dan degradasi lahan dapat ditekan menjadi 0 persen pada tahun 2020 dengan bantuan pendanaan 35 miliar dollar AS. Persoalan pendanaan ini pula yang diperkirakan akan memakan waktu debat.

mobil listrik

2009-12-13T03:20:00.002+07:00

KOPENHAGEN, – Denmark berniat menjadi negara dengan tingkat emisi karbon netral pada tahun 2050 mendatang. Visi ini bukan sembarang visi. Pemerintahan dibawah kepemimpinan Lars Lokke Rasmussen itu sudah menyiapkan segala perangkat untuk mendukung terwujudnya impian itu. Salah satunya menyosialisasikan penggunaan mobil bertenaga listrik. Di sela-sela pelaksanaan Konferensi PBB tentang perubahan iklim di Kopenhagen, Kompas.com bersama Jesper, seorang karyawan salah satu produsen mobil sempat mengunjungi Danish Design Centre, di pusat kota Kopenhagen.

Perusahaan tempat Jesper bekerja menyediakan layanan gratis bagi para tamu COP15 untuk merasakan berkendara dengan mobil bertenaga listrik di seputar kota Kopenhagen. Saat ini, menurut dia, masyarakat Denmark menunjukkan antusiasme tinggi terhadap penggunaan mobil ramah lingkungan ini. Hanya saja, mobil yang digunakannya untuk berkeliling kali ini, masih dalam tahap sosialisasi dan akan dipasarkan di Denmark pada tahun 2011 mendatang. Saat ini, terang Jesper, ada satu model mobil bertenaga listrik yang telah digunakan di Denmark. “Buddy car”, begitu sebutannya. Mobil ini hanya muat untuk dua orang yaitu supir dan satu penumpang lainnya.

“Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa layanan eksklusif bagi pengguna mobil listrik. Salah satunya, parkir gratis,” terang Jesper, Selasa (8/12/2009), saat mengantarkan ke Danish Design Centre, Kopenhagen.

Menurutnya, keistimewaan-keistimewaan ini salah satunya untuk mempersuasi warga Denmark agar mau menggunakan mobil tersebut. Sedikit berpromosi, Jesper mengatakan, mobil yang tengah disosialisasikan perusahaannya bermuatan lebih banyak, empat orang dan terlihat seperti mobil pada umumnya. Berbeda dengan “Buddy Car” yang terlihat berbeda.

“Anda bisa merasakan kan, mobil ini berjalan seperti mobil normal dan tanpa suara. Saat ini sudah banyak masyarakat Denmark yang menyatakan ketertarikannya dengan mobil ini. Kalau lebih banyak yang menggunakan mobil seperti ini, maka saya yakin kondisi lingkungan akan semakin baik” ujarnya.

Jesper kemudian menjelaskan, mobil bertenaga listrik akan lebih hemat penggunaannya untuk perjalanan dalam kota. Untuk kecepatan 120 km per jam, tenaga listrik akan bertahan selama 4 jam. Nah, bagaimana dengan sistem pengisian tenaga listriknya? “Sama seperti Anda menge-charge handphone,” kata Jesper.

Oleh karena itu, dalam waktu dua tahun ini tengah disiapkan infrastruktur dan layanan yang akan melengkapi kebutuhan para pengguna mobil listrik. Di Danish Design Centre, juga dipamerkan sebuah prototype mobil listrik. Disini dijelaskan, mengapa penggunaan energi listrik jauh lebih berkualitas dibandingkan energi lainnya. Hal ini merupakan salah satu dukungan dari perusahaan-perusahaan di Denmark untuk mewujudkan program “Neutral Carbon Country” dari pemerintahan negara Skandinavia itu.

Satelit ALOS Tampilkan Dampak Gempa di Cianjur

2009-11-30T07:54:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, gempa ci anjur/jawa barat, - Lokasi longsor di Desa Cikangkareng, Kecamatan Cibinong, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat, akibat terjangan gempa bumi, Rabu (2/9), dapat dipantau oleh satelit ALOS-AVNIR2 (Advanced Land Observing Satellite-Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2) milik Jepang.

Data citra satelit tersebut diambil Jumat (4/9) kemudian dikirim oleh JAXA Sentinel Asia—Asian Disaster Reduction Center ke Pusat Pengembangan Pemanfaatan dan Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (Lapan) berdasarkan permintaan lembaga riset ini. ”Data itu kami olah dan analisis dengan membandingkan kondisi lokasi gempa pada citra sebelum dan sesudah gempa,” .

Menurutnya, citra satelit beresolusi 10 meter ini menunjukkan kawasan longsor terlihat pada kawasan hampir sepanjang 1 kilometer. Citra satelit ALOS mulai dimanfaatkan Lapan tahun 2006. Kelebihannya dibandingkan dengan satelit lain adalah pada penggunaan dua sistem sekaligus, yaitu optik dan radar. Selain itu, sensornya dapat diarahkan untuk merekam gambar lokasi tertentu. ”Dalam satu minggu minimal satu kali satelit ini melewati Indonesia,”.

Lembang Fault

2009-11-29T11:36:00.000+07:00

Lembang Fault in the north of Bandung recently become the center of attention and study of science, both by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), and the Meteorological Agency, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) Bandung. Fault is believed to be active this will save a huge earthquake threat.

Eko Yulianto, researchers from Paleoseismologi Geoteknologi LIPI Research Center, found in his office, Tuesday (6 / 10), said that whether or not active Lembang Fault current no longer debated.

"Based on research results LIPI, this fault was a record period of movement (earthquake) with a range of 400-700 years. In the sediment samples of the former swamp land around the location, it is known that at least seven layers of soil. That is, at least once happened seven movement time, "he said.

With a length of Lembang Fault spans 22 kilometers, Eko said that the potential could reach 6.7 earthquake Ritcher scale. "That is the worst scenario, if there is movement in unison," he said.

Earthquake surface with this much power, he said, would be unusual for the surrounding area. He even predicted, the impact of the quake was later able to match the earthquake happened in Yogyakarta, May 2006, which killed thousands of people.

The problem is, the soil conditions in Bandung is not much different in the Yogyakarta, which is the land of young sediments of ancient lakes used. "This soil layer has not really consolidated so that the effect is like porridge in the bowl when shaken. Uncangannya stopped, but the shock is still going on," said alumnus of Geology Institute of Technology Bandung.

World class

For that, just by a small force such as occurs in DIY, shallow earthquakes that occur can cause tremendous damage effects. In fact, quoting a statement from Brian Atwater, paleotsunami renowned researchers from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a co-worker in a series of research, Lembang Fault hazards including world-class category.

"Because of this fracture was located near the city area is very dense. It is rare in the world," he said. According to him, the threat potential of Lembang Fault earthquake is conveyed is not to make people nervous in Bandung.

"Instead, we want to remind residents to be prepared and alert. However, information is a form of early warning the earliest," he said.

El Nino Modoki New phenomenon

2009-11-27T11:31:00.000+07:00

The phenomenon of El Nino or hot Sea Surface Temperature in the Pacific Ocean from late May menggejala and tends to strengthen this month. However, seeing patterns and the location of "hot tub"-area of sea surface warming trend is a new version of the so-called El Nino El Nino Modoki.

This was revealed from the weather experts Inventory Technology Agency of Natural Resources Assessment and Application of Technology (TISDA-BPPT), Fadli Shamsuddin, Friday (21 / 8), via SMS. "There is a tendency towards anomalous El Nino Modoki. To ensure that, should see the last condition, "he said.

El Nino is usually marked the Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the equatorial region in the Pacific Ocean is called the hot pool. This resulted in high moisture supply in the area of Peru, which causes a lot of rain in the area, contrary drought in parts of Asia, especially Indonesia.

In contrast to El Nino, the emergence of Modoki, Japanese language, which means "similar but different", shown by the existence of "hot tub" which concentrated only in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The eastern and western Pacific cool.

This condition causes the low supply of water vapor or the formation of rain clouds in Peru and in eastern Indonesia. So far the research undertaken by researchers of Marine Research Agency of Japan (JAMSTEC), parts of Indonesia has not much studied. This phenomenon was also recently published in 2004 by JAMSTEC researcher, said Fadli, who won his doctorate in Japan.

El Nino Modoki Research also conducted research of the Georgia Institute of Technology. "Typically, El Nino events cause the decrease of the storm in the Atlantic. However, this new type increased the storm, "said Peter Webster, professor at Georgia Tech's School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.

According to Webster's research that appeared in the journal Science last July edition, El Nino Modoki more predictable compared to El Nino. El Nino turned into a natural oscillation Modoki by El Nino or El Nino is a response to atmospheric menghangatnya or because of La Nina change the structure of El Nino.

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2009-11-25T15:10:00.002+07:00

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Large-scale earthquake

2009-11-25T09:24:00.000+07:00

Large-scale earthquake will knock down anything on earth that unsound and fragile. This phenomenon is not just demolish the building, but also makes landslides, broke, and ambles. Beyond that, an earthquake of the coast is also a potential cause tsunamis. That is a series of threats to the population in the earthquake-prone areas.

As long as the earth rotates, the movement of plates covering the earth and float on the magma will never stop. Antarlempeng collision or the crust is what causes earthquakes continue to occur after another all over the world.

When one location in the boundary layer of rocks collapsed due to the earth's crust holding the pressure plate merapuh, rocks that would seek a new stable position. During this process will be a series of aftershocks, the main pascagempa. This can result in cracked buildings and fragile finally collapsed.

For earthquakes in Padang, 30 September, hack earthquake even hundreds of times before the incident. Since the earthquake in Aceh, December 26, 2004, Padang and surrounding areas are often hit by earthquakes scale 4 to 6 on the Richter scale. "The numbers in the hundreds," said Sujabar, officials at the National Earthquake Center Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics.

Shocks in a long time has weakened gradually building structures that are not designed to withstand earthquakes, among others, indicated by the wall fractures. Appeal to the public to do to strengthen buildings vulnerable to earthquakes has been done. "But, unfortunately this is ignored because they are considered a big earthquake would not come," said Febrin A Ismail, Coordinator of the Expert Group of the Tsunami Alert (Kogami) West Sumatra.

Avalanche and ambles

Other threats lurk after the earthquake is a landslide and ambles. This happened in the hills because the reduction in forest cover.

The decline of forest areas in the region will open up the potential slope and landslide eroded as rain. This condition starts during the dry season. As a result of exposure to intense sunlight, land surface bond "naked" would be weakened and stretched.

Avalanches generally occur in the transition from dry to rainy season, especially in the area of land type easy go. As the rain washed constantly, a weakened bond would be broken because the burden of water in the pores. Bond rupture is characterized by avalanches of land. The threat of landslides to be greater when the slope of the fragile perch building, especially when rocked by an earthquake.

Longsornya slopes in some areas in West Sumatra pascagempa, September 30, among others, triggered by these conditions. It is also common in Cianjur, West Java, September 2, 2009.

Seeing the trend merambahnya residential area to the hills caused by rising populations in earthquake-prone areas, in future events such as landslides during the earthquake in Cianjur, Solok and Padang will happen also in other areas prone slopes and densely populated quake.

In addition to landslides, amblesnya surface can also occur in areas hit by the earthquake. As a result of the earthquake, the source of underground water mixed to happen likuifaksi or pelembekan land. Land that had high loading and hollow will ambles.

Domino effect

Domino effect could occur in kegempaan and fault segments adjacent to the collapsed rocks are the source of the earthquake. Conditions that, among other things pascagempa Padang earthquake followed the next day of Jambi, which is sourced from Semangko fault.

"We kegempaan Mentawai segment also require attention after the earthquake in Padang late last month," says Danny Hilman, geologists from the Central Research Geoteknologi Indonesian Institute of Sciences.

Because the earthquake source is located on the west bank, the Mentawai segment called megathrust, which stretched from the island of Siberut island until Pagai. LIPI research shows the Mentawai Islands, the year 1650 an earthquake had occurred on SR 8 in Siberut Island. Years 1797 and 1883 as re-scale earthquake in the area appeared.

Second quake-based research and sedimentary coral-caused tsunami in Padang as high as 10 meters. The propagation modeling 8,7-8,9 tsunamis by earthquakes in 1797 and SR 1833, which created a tsunami expert ITB, Hamzah Latief, the wave will reach the coast of Padang in 30 minutes with a height of nearly 5 meters.

Mentawai segment is part of the system in western Sumatra kegempaan which is divided into four main segments (Simelue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano). 10 years since the last earthquake in this segment "pounding".

"The emergence of the earthquake last September that the Mentawai segment may disturb the sleep, to cause a tsunami," says Danny.

Earthquakes in the western islands of Sumatra that repetition period of about 200-300 years. This penunjaman effects of the pressing plate edge Indoaustralia Eurasian plate beneath the western part of fault Semangko up to the islands off the coast of Sumatra. The speed of the pressure plate 6 to 7 centimeters per year.

Rocks at the end plate at a time will be bounced for not being able longer stand the pressure. This is marked by a large earthquake, a shift position in the segment's mainland and the island from the mainland menjauhnya a few meters from its original position. Pascagempa year 2004, the islands off the coast of Banda Aceh 1-3 meters away.

In addition to natural phenomena that accompany large earthquakes, the impact is the threat of disease, food shortages, as well as psychological trauma victims who lost property and family.

Because of that, Danny reminds all parties in the Valley must be vigilant and to anticipate potentially facing a tsunami earthquake recurrence.

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2009-11-24T23:58:00.005+07:00

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Earthquake Prediction

2009-11-21T08:18:00.000+07:00

The phenomenon of the earthquake has occurred since the Earth's surface is formed. To understand it, developed seismology, part of earth science. However, until now the earthquake has not also be expected that always threatens the life on it. Research continues to run.

Beginning last week came the rumors will be an earthquake measuring 8.5 on the Richter scale on Saturday, October 24, 2009. Shock mentioned leads to Jakarta.

News that mentioned the Meteorological Agency, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) had been denied the Head BMKG, October 19. This issue has no clear scientific basis for tectonic earthquakes can not be scientifically predicted.

The fact that Jakarta on "safe" course. Although the earthquake occurred in the morning (at 10:09 GMT), the scale is only 5.1 SR and only slightly shook Sukabumi.

Then there was another earthquake in the evening (21:40 GMT) in the Banda Sea. Relatively strong earthquake (7.3 SR) with a center at a distance of 209 kilometers northwest of Saumlaki, Maluku. Because of the earthquake center, convulsions was up to Ambon and Merauke.

So far, the science of human-controlled Terrestrial new limited earthquake records, both the time, location, and intensity. There are currently no earthquake prediction techniques that are categorized as developed and tested scientifically.

However, efforts in that direction longer continue to do. One of the monitoring technique using electromagnetic waves (EM) that emanated from the bowels of the Earth. This research has been pioneered Varotsos, geophysical experts from the University of Athens, Greece, in 1884.

According to him, this technique has good prospects to predict earthquakes because the level of success in predicting the earthquake when it has reached 63 percent.

Seeing this prospect, some developed countries, including Japan and Taiwan, which is often shaken by earthquakes, such as Indonesia, recently intensified to the development of this technique, not only to observe the distribution of EM in the Earth's lithosphere layer, but also in the atmosphere to the ionosphere.

EM waves are used to indicate the occurrence of an earthquake because of plate movement and the acceleration of the magma rock formations due to changes in the Earth's stomach causing electromagnetic wave surge. These anomalies appear before the earthquake happened.

Digging science earthquake monitoring of the two countries, Djedi S Widarto, researchers from the Center for Research Geoteknologi Indonesian Institute of Sciences, recently revealed the results of his research in Liwa, an area on the west coast of Lampung, Bengkulu border which was struck by massive earthquake a few years ago.

Sign of the emergence of tectonic earthquake can be seen two to five days before the incident, indicated the existence of electromagnetic wave anomalies in the Earth's surface. "There is an electromagnetic surge around 5 milivolt before the big earthquake in the area," he explained. This deviation observed even in the ionosphere layers that are 300 to 400 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

"With the development of sensors and instrumentation techniques, monitoring of electromagnetic anomalies in the next 5-10 years can be used as a parameter to predict tectonic earthquake," said Djedi, geophysics doctorate from Kyoto University.

As a result of plate movement, cracks occur which affect the gravity and magnetic minerals in the Earth so that the force destabilizing the electromagnetic field. "This disturbance could get a radius of 400 kilometers above Earth's surface, the layer of the ionosphere," said Djedi, who completed the research at the Institute of Space Science National Central University, Taiwan.

Meanwhile, researchers from Lapan, Sarmoko Saroso, who conducted the study of electromagnetic anomalies at the same institute, obtained the data of EM anomalies when an earthquake happens in Aceh, 26 December 2004. The data is recorded at the same time in the four-station global positioning system (GPS), which is in Medan, Singapore, Myanmar, and India.

Pascagempa Aceh, the experts from both countries agreed to establish cooperation further research, involving research institutions in Indonesia, LIPI and the Institute of Space and Aviation Agency.

Electromagnetic measurements made using GPS network, in addition to the magnetometer instrument, the sensor electrodes geolistrik, and binoculars corona. This system is equipped with tools for data telemetry in real time. Research in Liwa in 2005 that electromagnetic waves to detect spikes as an indication of magnitude 5.2 tectonic earthquake on SR 12 days before the incident.

Asperitas

In addition to electromagnetic wave measurement techniques, the Japanese began researching asperitas (asperity), the level of surface roughness on the subduction zone plate with seismograph system. "By knowing the surface roughness, can be known to the deceleration motion until penunjaman 'locked' and then off or menggelosor," said Eko Yulianto, who won a doctoral geology from the University of Hokkaido, Japan.

Yoshiko Yamanaka and Masayuki Kikuchi of the Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo examined the characteristics of surface roughness (asperity) plates, with learning resources in the area kegempaan or antarlempeng subduction zone off the coast of Tohoku District, northeastern Japan.

The study, published in 2003 is based on regional seismic data for more than 70 years ago. They found three categories of distribution patterns in the Tohoku asperitas plates, are distinguished at the level of roughness and the resulting kegempaan.

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2009-11-18T00:01:00.000+07:00

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2030, Indonesia Potensi Kurangi 60 Persen Emisi Karbon

2009-11-17T01:10:00.000+07:00

Indonesia berpotensi mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca sebesar 60 persen hingga tahun 2030 dengan menggabungkan kebijakan lingkungan hidup yang tepat dan dukungan internasional.

Perubahan kebijakan dan kelembagaan di sektor kehutanan, pembangkit listrik, transportasi, dan pengelolaan lahan gambut merupakan peluang bagi Indonesia untuk beralih ke jalur ekonomi yang lebih berkelanjutan.

Demikian paparan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Ketua Harian Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim (DNPI) Rachmat Witoelar kepada para wartawan, Kamis (27/8) di Jakarta. Data ini merupakan hasil kajian sementara DNPI tahun ini.

"Indonesia mengakui adanya ancaman yang dihadapi semua bangsa dari pemanasan global, dan akan mengupayakan pengurangan emisi dalam negeri sepanjang hal tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan nasional," ujar Rachmat.

Data DNPI menunjukkan, jumlah emisi gas rumah kaca Indonesia pada 2005 mencapai 2,3 giga ton. Emisi ini akan meningkat sebesar 3,6 giga ton pada 2030 apabila tidak terdapat perubahan dalam cari pengelolaan di beberapa sektor.

Indonesia sendiri, salah satunya, akan fokus pada sektor kehutanan, pertanian, transportasi, bangunan, dan semen. Dari sektor ini, Indonesia berpeluang mengurangi gas rumah kaca sebesar 2,3 giga ton pada 2030.

Seperti diketahui, lahan gambut dan kehutanan merupakan sumber terbesar emisi gas rumah kaca di Indonesia, yaitu mencapai 45 persen. Untuk menekan emisi tersebut, Indonesia akan merehabilitasi lahan gambut yang rusak.

"Selain itu, Indonesia akan secara aktif memengaruhi negosiasi internasional tentang emisi gas, mengembangkan strategi perubahan iklim di dalam negeri yang handal, serta meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan risiko dan peluang perubahan iklim,"

Mirinae tropical storm

2009-11-15T07:07:00.000+07:00

Mirinae typhoon hit, 20 People Killed

Mirinae tropical storm moves toward Vietnam, Sunday (1 / 11), after charging the Philippines killed 20 people.

Mirinae typhoon was weakening, Sunday, as they move toward the South China Sea. The storm was expected to hit Vietnam's coast, Monday afternoon.

Prime Minister of Vietnam Nguyễn Tấn Dũng ordered residents in areas threatened by the storm to evacuate immediately. The fishermen in the South China Sea are also asked to seek refuge.

Philippines and Vietnam had saju recover from Hurricane Ketsana hack. This storm caused the Philippine capital, Manila, in the worst floods in actions 40 years, killing 160 people in Vietnam at the end of September 2009.

Ketsana and two other storms and killed about 900 people in the Philippines. Around 87,000 were evacuated as the storm hit Mirinae turn. Philippine officials say 20 people were killed victims mostly by drowning, in six provinces.

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2009-11-15T00:13:00.003+07:00

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2009-11-14T23:29:00.001+07:00

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La Nina declines, droughts Arrive Soon

2009-11-13T08:25:00.000+07:00

La Nina and el nino
La Nina phenomenon of the Pacific Ocean waters that bring the rain began to weaken. We have observed that the opportunity about 50 percent and potentially continue to decline in the near future so that the dry season is estimated to occur.

"This year still has not observed the energy balance in the year after El Nino occurred in 2006 which resulted in the long dry season,".

the period 2006 to 2009 allows started happening when the energy balance of the El Nino to La Nina changes.

However, the condition of the current La Nina will continue to weaken. However, it still remains to be determined through monitoring the waters of the Pacific Ocean until mid 2009.

El Nino was a kid

Head of Public Meteorological Information subfields of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) Ribudianto Kukuh said, although the potential for 50 percent of La Nina will continue to decline, El Nino's own estimates are still too small.

"We have estimated the El Nino is still approximately 30 percent,"

Condition of waters and islands in the western Pacific Ocean is still relatively warm. However, the same thing started happening also in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

In the middle of Pacific Ocean waters, which would tend to cool move to the west. When the waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west of the cold, La Nina is weakening and the dry season occurs.

"Problems in the 2009 dry season will be prolonged worry. This would still require constant monitoring in the Pacific,".

UNFCCC in Denmark

2009-11-12T10:06:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, - Once in Bali, UN agencies convention on climate change (UNFCCC or the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change) will be re-held in Copenhagen, Danish, Sunday (13/12/09).

The conference was first held in 1992 that aims to urge all states concerned to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at levels that are considered harmless Earth's climate. This year, the meeting will make proposals to use carbon payments to protect forests in the world.

The conference titled "Forest Day 3" is dedicated to discussing the role of forests in climate change, mitigation and adaptation to change, and will focus on "Forest Biodiversity and Climate Change."

The negotiators will also discuss a global framework for REDD (reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and forest degradation defortasi). Thus countries that reduce their deforestation rates will get credit for reduced gas emissions. Credits would then be sold on the international carbon market or will be channeled into an international fund.

In a question and answer session at a media briefing at the Hotel Intercontinental, Tuesday (25 / 8) morning, Dr Agus Purnomo, representing the government as Executive Secretary National Council on Climate Change, explains, indigenous forest communities in Indonesia do not have different perceptions with developed countries and developing the gas emissions that produce the most in the world such as China.

"Society and the village is a large portion, so from their government that has a big responsibility as indigenous forest communities will be given an incentive of about 70 percent," said Dr. Masripatin Nur, leader of the REDD team from the Department of Forestry.

Environment-Friendly Products

2009-11-10T09:19:00.000+07:00

Conference on Environment-Friendly Products
JAKARTA, Indones - Indonesia will host the implementation of Eco-Products International Fair (EPIF) 2010 which will take place in March 2010 in Jakarta.

"EPIF 2010 includes 2 main activities of the international conference environmentally friendly products and international exhibitions environmentally friendly products," explained Vice-Chairman of Chamber of Commerce, Rahmat Gobel.

Grace revealed that after discussing the preparation of the activity with Plt Coordinating Minister for Economy Sri Mulyani Indrawati said here on Monday.

The activity was a collaboration of various parties including the Chamber of Commerce, the Asian Productivity Organization (APO), and National Productivity Organization (NPO) Indonesia.

"Visitors are expected from within and outside the country with the number more than 300,000 people. From outside the country will come from 20 countries around Asia Pacific," he said.

According to him, Indonesia has an interest in it is penyelengaraan activities to support efforts to increase economic growth supported by increased productivity.

"In the meantime the exhibition we will popularize and market environmentally sound products," he said.

EPIF an international exhibition of environmental friendly products in Asia which demonstrated advances in technology, goods and environmental services that will improve productivity and sustainable competition, also the event raise public awareness of goods and environmental services, and build business networks.

Organization in Jakarta is organizing the 6th after the first one in Kuala Lumpur (2004), both in Bangkok (2005), third in Singapore (2006), fourth in Hanoi (2008), and fifth in Manila in 2009

Keep Human Manure Biogas Developed

2009-11-09T23:55:00.000+07:00

WONOSARI, INDONESIA-Biogas from human waste continue to be developed in the area of Gunung Kidul Regency. After previously installing biogas installation on the banks of the processing time Besole, Ministry of Environment to build a similar installation in Pondok Pesantren Darul Quran.

Development of biogas installations in potentially creating a boarding school or pesantren ekopesantren environmental perspective.

Chairman of the Pondok Pesantren Darul Quran Masduki Haris Ahmad said he would pass on this waste processing technology to other boarding schools in ekopesantren forum to be held in Yogyakarta, Wednesday (4 / 11). "Processing of waste into biogas to create boarding schools or environmentally friendly ekopesantren," said Haris, Sunday (1 / 11).

Waste treatment technology that the new human waste last month installed at the Pondok Pesantren Darul Quran was adopted from Germany via Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association. By processing human waste, pesantrens managers can save spending money for the purchase of fuel to Rp 2.5 million per month.

Liquid waste from the processing of biogas installations can also be used for agriculture. Of the land area of 1500 square meters, the students able to harvest various vegetables with a trading value up to USD 1.6 million per month. "The economic profit only side effect. The most important waste is no longer a problem, but rather helpful," added Harris.

Students at the Pondok Pesantren Darul Quran, Muhtasin, admitted that initially he and about 400 other students to take advantage keck biogas from human waste. He and his colleagues began to get used to using biogas as a taste of different cuisines that are not using other types of fuel.

Before getting to know the processing of biogas, waste from Islamic boarding schools just thrown into the paddy field area that pollute the environment. Through processing of the waste, the students are also invited to maintain environmental sustainability. In the future, hoping pesantrens manager can utilize the waste processed human waste as fertilizer raw materials.

Since December, residents in the outskirts of Besole Kali, Gunung Kidul, also has been using gas from human waste as fuel. Government fix the toilet residents crowded living on the edge of time and accommodate all the dirt from seven houses. Gas from the new waste could be used by 13 people from two families.

UN chief: Overcome Coming Global Temperature Increase

2009-11-09T11:03:00.000+07:00

NEW YORK, - UN summit ended a day of climate change and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon urged world leaders to act swiftly to ensure success in the upcoming UN conference on climate in Copenhagen, December.

"I was heartened to hear that more and more leaders are ready to act outside the national perspective to join the global leadership," said UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon told world leaders at the close of the hearing.

"You have been taking action to stay involved until an agreement was signed in Copenhagen. And you have agreed to give guidance to the negotiators to work towards an ambitious agreement, effective, and fair in Copenhagen," Ban said.

Nearly 100 heads of state and government participating in the high-level meetings, the largest gathering of world leaders to discuss climate change.

By discussing these issues, the Secretary General hopes to move the political will and momentum necessary to achieve an ambitious agreement in Copenhagen conference.

Climate change is a matter of economics and geopolitics of the 21st century. But Ban, who visited the Arctic region earlier this month and witnessed the impact of climate change quickly, deliver regrets about the negotiations and urged leaders to look far to meet the needs of their people.

UN Secretary General argue that tackling global warming was done with a very high ransom. "They're wrong. The truth is the opposite. We will not be able to pay if we do not act now," Ban said.

Success in Copenhagen, Danish, would require all countries to work in tandem to limit the global temperature rise, and encourage the world's ability to handle changes that occur through climate change.

Article of greenhouse gases

2009-11-09T01:44:00.003+07:00

Consensus on greenhouse gas reduction to be debates, the theme becomes most hotly discussed topics in a variety meeting.Many non-governmental organizations in environmental and social fields, which makes the interests of consensus include the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as one of the criteria for certification. However, on the other side of palm oil producers rate, still takes a lot of time entering a consensus to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in one particular certification.in consensus criteria of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in the discussion. D debate but has not yet been able to make decisions, whether the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions become one of the criteria for certification or not the businessman.With can not produce a consensus decision-related reductions of greenhouse gas emissions as one of the criteria for certification. "I understand, when the world around us also seemed paralyzed and Unable to take the courageous (related reduction in greenhouse gas emissions), we also lose the opportunity to be bold and visionary.

Social and Environmental Risks for greenhouse gas emissions could be because of the oil palm plantations in between, it was aroused from the production process and the opening of new land. The production process in the form of nitrogen fertilizer use until the provision of chemicals on plants that resulted in the release of greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, greenhouse gas emissions from new land clearing Arise as a result, changes to the forest as a carbon catcher into palm oil plantations or palm garden lainnya.Because only able to capture carbon largest 40 tons for 25 years distant when compared with the forest. "Compare this with the forest is not damaged, which can capture approximately 275 tonnes of carbon up to 300 tons,".

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as part of a strategy to reduce global warming, the opening of new plantations in the forest as a catcher change carbon, for example, some countries Indonesia is still very possible. On the other hand, in other countries there is no longer possible to open land in the forest or forest change.
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that consensus should be defined as one of the certification criteria for palm entrepreneurs. desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from oil palm plantations, is not only the responsibility of the oil business, but it was only a small part in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. "This will be the responsibility of all parties".

if this (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) are due to only oil entrepreneurs wrong, because, actually produces the largest contributor to greenhouse gases is the developed countries, with the factories, tall buildings that use glass, because most of the entrepreneurs oil found in developing countries and still have enough land or forest as absorbent carbon monoxide. therefore, greenhouse gases must be a shared responsibility and he should no agreement among a countries.

Nuclear Technology Used to Test Environment

2009-11-07T22:08:00.000+07:00

Indonesia - Analysis of use of nuclear technology has been used extensively for environmental maintenance in Yogyakarta. These include utilization of proper test and the level of water pollution.

Field Researcher of Chemistry and Materials Process Technology National Nuclear Energy Agency (Batan) Taftazani Agus said nuclear technology had been used to test for heavy metal pollution levels in some rivers in Yogyakarta, in between the River and River Elephant Code Wong. Nuclear technology is used in the study is nuclear engineering neutron activation analysis (AAN).

"We also tested the level of contamination of other small rivers flow to accommodate the waste leather and rubber industry with the same analysis technique," he said on the sidelines of the National Seminar and Workshop on Neutron Activation Analysis, held Batan and Forum AAN Indonesia (FAANI) in Yogyakarta, Tuesday (20/10).

Agus said, AAN nuclear techniques are also used in testing the feasibility of utilization of underground water in Gunung Kidul District, including the project on groundwater use in Bribin, Semanu District, Gunung Kidul. Test feasibility of nuclear technology has also been done on the underground rivers and groundwater Ngobaran in Wonosari, Gunung Kidul.

"With the RR technique, the research team succeeded in evaluating the mineral elements of Fe, Cd, Ca, Mn, and Mg with high accuracy. The results of testing showed groundwater in Gunung Kidul has a very good quality," said Agus who is also Coordinator of the Project Research Team Bribin from Batan it.

Besides in Yogyakarta, said Agus, his department has to use nuclear techniques to test the AAN levels of heavy metals on the Muria Peninsula coast, Central Java. The results further river pollution levels assigned to local government through the Environmental Impact Management Agency local area.

The results are expected to be used as a reference to determine the relevant policy measures and environmental preservation. AAN nuclear technology can also be used to check the level of pollution in the air and in the human body.

Head of Jewish Batan Hastowo said, AAN is one part of the analytical techniques of nuclear technology. AAN research in Indonesia has started since Batan stand, which is about 1960. Currently, the number of researchers who joined in AAN FAANI reached 83 people.

However, the Jews said, so far the use of AAN in Indonesia is still lagging behind developed countries. "In Europe, the AAN has been widely used in industry, namely to test consumer protection-related material," he said.

According to Jewish, this AAN technique becomes increasingly important because of the level of a very high accuracy, ie to order nanograms. AAN potential utilization of techniques to be developed in various fields, including in cases of timber theft to terrorism investigations.

The formation of Tropical Storm rising

2009-11-06T07:17:00.000+07:00

* Beware! El Nino storms will Hit NTT

JAKARTA, - From May to late October in the northern waters of Indonesia has established 23 cyclones or tropical storms. The number of storms in the region until the end of November is forecasted to be at or above normal.

Coordinator of the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (TCWC-BMKG) under normal conditions, the average number of storms, which formed April-November, is 25.7 cyclones. Benchmark is based on data from 1968 to 1990.

"There's still time for another month for the formation of cyclones in northern Indonesia. The number of cyclones that formed the current dispute is only 2.7 compared with the average, ".

Since the tropical storm that emerged Kyjira and May 8, following 23 other storms. One is the storm that occurred Lupit Tuesday (27/10) at around 19:00 pm, 13:00 o'clock in the afternoon the storm had grown Mirinae.

Thursday (29/10) afternoon Mirinae moving toward the east Philippines, the position of latitude 15.8 north and 13.6 east longitude. The distance is 1700 kilometers northeast of Manado.

Mirinae moving into the Pacific Ocean does not give effect to the region is Indonesia. Currently Mirinae still in stable condition with a speed of 139 kilometers per hour.

From tropical storms formed since May, three of which led to the disaster, namely Ketsana and Parma in the Philippines and Taiwan Morakot hit.

For Indonesia, the weather disturbances that could impact on the territory of Indonesia which is close to the storm because of its vortex lines can draw air mass around the equator.

"The emergence of Parma, for example, the wind caused the branch to the north Sulawesi and Maluku,"

Therefore, the lifetime of a storm that lasted three days to two weeks continued to be monitored TCWC-BMKG, to see the potential impact for Indonesia, in the form of strong winds, heavy rain and high waves.

Tropical storms formed since sea temperatures above 27 degrees Celsius and wind speeds of more than 67 miles per hour, said Chief Meteorological Information BMKG subfields.

Currently, Indonesia entered a period of transition to the rainy season. This is indicated heavy rain and lightning and strong winds a short duration in most of Sumatra; western Borneo, southern, and eastern and some areas in northern part of Central Kalimantan.

Pemulihan Terumbu Karang

2009-11-05T11:09:00.000+07:00

DENPASAR,BALI - Bali Tourism Development Corporation (BTDC), sebagai pengelola kawasan resor Nusa Dua, melakukan inisiatif pemulihan ekosistem terumbu karang di perairan pantai setempat.

"Pemulihan ekosistem terumbu karang yang telah terdegradasi itu dilakukan lewat program restorasi di lokasi terumbu karang pesisir Nusa Dua," Karena Adanya kesadaran terhadap kondisi terumbu karang.

Kegiatan restorasi sebenarnya telah diawali dengan penelitian struktur ekologi komunitas karang dan ikan karang di kawasan pesisir Nusa Dua, sejak awal Juli 2009.

Kemudian dilanjutkan kegiatan restorasi karang dengan membuat media karang buatan (artificial reef), yang didesain secara khusus menyesuaikan kondisi perairan Nusa Dua(Bali).

"Sebanyak 14 struktur artificial reef yang diberi nama Submarine Reef, telah ditempatkan di lokasi terumbu yang rusak di Nusa Dua, pada 6 Oktober lalu. Dua struktur lagi akan ditempatkan 20 Oktober, bersamaan dengan kegiatan Nusa Dua Fiesta 2009,".

Penggunaan terumbu karang buatan itu diharapkan dapat menghasilkan peningkatan kompleksitas topografi secara cepat, substrat yang stabil bagi karang dan avertebrata lainnya, tempat penyelaman dan snorkeling alternatif untuk mengalihkan tekanan dari terumbu alami.

Penempatan media Fish Agregation Device diharapkan dapat menarik keberadaan ikan, sehingga secara langsung akan memperbanyak jenis-jenis ikan yang ada di kawasan terumbu karang Nusa Dua.

"Tujuan melakukan restorasi untuk memperbaiki ekosistem terumbu karang yang telah terdegradasi. Ini adalah bentuk komitmen pada pelestarian lingkungan yang diharapkan didukung berbagai pihak, baik pengusaha, turis, nelayan, dan juga aparat keamanan pantai," komentar Direktur Utama BTDC.

Kondisi terumbu karang Nusa Dua kini di bawah ancaman serius. Hal itu disebabkan masih terjadinya praktek perikanan merusak, seperti penggunaan pottasium sianida dan pembuangan jangkar ke karang, baik oleh kapal nelayan maupun kapal wisata.

Kondisi tersebut dikhawatirkan akan semakin merusak habitat terumbu karang Nusa Dua yang tinggal sedikit itu. "Kami sangat mendukung program ini dan berharap dengan adanya restorasi karang, praktek merusak tersebut tidak terjadi lagi,".

Pihaknya telah lama memikirkan agar kawasan pesisir Nusa Dua dilindungi dengan payung hukum dan dibuatkan zonasi, sehingga keberadaan terumbu karang tetap terjaga.

Upaya perlindungan tersebut, selain untuk melindungi aset wisata bahari, juga akan dapat menjamin ketersediaan ikan bagi masyarakat pesisir Nusa Dua.

European Union are concerned the Climate Negotiations

2009-11-03T10:56:00.000+07:00

Pittsburgh, - European Union voiced deep concern about climate change negotiations, warned they were headed in the wrong direction in the weeks before the making or termination of the Copenhagen conference.

Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt, head of the European Union today, came to the U.S. city of Pittsburgh for the economic summit 20-nation group after top-level talks at the United Nations about climate change.

"We were both very worried about the situation," Reinfeldt said in a joint press conference with European Commission chief Jose Manuel Barroso.

"When it comes to negotiations, they actually slow down, they are not going in the right direction," said Reinfeldt. "We are very concerned that we need to speed up negotiations."

A little more than two months remaining until the conference in Copenhagen, which is intended to approve the Kyoto Protocol successor framework, which requires the agreement to reduce emissions blamed for global warming.

European Union and Japan has become a leading champion of the Kyoto Protocol, which does not make requirements on developing countries to reduce carbon emissions.

However, rich countries including the United States are united in insisting that the next agreement also requires action by developing countries.

China President Hu Jintao said on Tuesday that the largest developing country in the world was ready to slow the growth of carbon emissions sepertidi developed countries, but he did not specify numbers.

Laut Timor Tercemar Minyak

2009-11-02T08:58:00.000+07:00

KUPANG, — Partai Hijau di Senat Australia mendukung sepenuhnya gagasan pembentukan tim pencari fakta terhadap dampak pencemaran minyak mentah di Laut Timor akibat meledaknya ladang gas Montara pada 21 Agustus 2009 lalu.

"Ini sangat luar biasa karena Australia sendiri sangat prihatin dengan kondisi yang terjadi di Laut Timor saat ini," kata pemerhati masalah Laut Timor yang juga Ketua Yayasan Peduli Timor Barat (YPTB), Ferdi Tanoni, kepada pers di Kupang, Rabu (28/10).

Ia mengemukakan ini setelah menerima surat elektronik dari Senator Hijau Australia Chris Twomey yang mengatakan bahwa Partai Hijau di Senat Australia sangat tertarik dengan gagasan pembentukan tim pencari fakta (TPF) tersebut.

Twomey dalam surat elektroniknya itu menegaskan, "Jika Pemerintah Federal Australia tidak segera mengambil langkah-langkah pencegahan, maka Partai Hijau bersama YPTB akan turun langsung ke Laut Timor untuk melihat kondisi yang sesungguhnya terjadi di sana".

"Kami merasa frustrasi dengan tanggapan Pemerintah Federal Australia tentang krisis pencemaran minyak mentah di Laut Timor ketika mereka mempertanyakan Otorita Keselamatan Maritim Australia atau Australia Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) dan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Australia pada 14 September 2009 di Senat Australia setelah melihat gambar dari satelit NASA," kata Twoney.

Tanoni yang juga mantan agen Imigrasi Kedutaan Besar Australia itu menambahkan, pihaknya juga telah menyurati pimpinan Partai Oposisi Australia (Partai Liberal) di Parlemen Australia untuk memberikan dukungannya terhadap upaya pembentukan sebuah penyelidikan penuh di Senat Australia terhadap dampak pencemaran di Laut Timor saat ini.

"Jika kita mencermati isi surat elektronik Chris Twomey, maka tergambar jelas bahwa Pemerintah Federal Australia dan AMSA terkesan menutup-nutupi kasus pencemaran minyak di Laut Timor," kata penulis buku Skandal Laut Timor Barter Ekonomi Politik Canberra-Jakarta itu.

Salah satu bukti dugaan tersebut adalah sesungguhnya Pemerintah Federal Australia telah menghubungi Otoritas Indonesia dan menyampaikan secara resmi bahwa tumpahan minyak dari ladang Montara telah memasuki wilayah perairan Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) sejauh 51 mil atau sekitar 80 km tenggara Pulau Rote.

AMSA secara resmi juga telah mengundang pejabat dari Departemen Perhubungan Indonesia mengunjungi Australia untuk melihat kondisi pencemaran di Laut Timor. Namun, hasilnya tidak pernah diumumkan ke publik hingga saat ini.

Menurut laporan jaringan YPTB dari Sydney Australia, kata Tanoni, jumlah angka kebocoran minyak mentah, gas, dan kondesat yang telah menyembur ke laut Timor setiap harinya hingga saat ini belum diketahui secara persis.

Namun, di satu sisi, pihak Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Australia dan PTTEP Australasia mengatakan hanya 64.000 liter minyak mentah yang menyembur ke Laut Timor setiap harinya.

Akan tetapi, laporan para pemerhati lingkungan di Australia yang membuat penelitian terhadap pencemaran menunjukkan bahwa tidak kurang dari 500.000 liter minyak mentah dimuntahkan setiap hari ke Laut Timor dari ladang Montara yang bocor.

Sementara itu, juru bicara Kementerian Energi Australia menyebutkan bahwa sekitar 2.000 barrel minyak, gas, dan kondensat menyembur ke Laut Timor.

"Kita mengharapkan agar Departemen Perhubungan tidak menutup-nutupi kasus pencemaran di Laut Timor saat ini karena apa pun juga alasannya telah terbukti, masyarakat di pesisir selatan Pulau Timor, Rote Ndao, dan Sabu telah merasakan dampak dari pencemaran tersebut," kata Tanoni.

Menurut dia, pemerintah harus bersikap tegas terhadap Australia sekaligus melakukan upaya-upaya antisipatif agar tumpahan minyak mentah yang saat ini sudah mencemari wilayah perairan Indonesia segera diatasi. Upaya tersebut untuk meminimalkan dampak kerugian yang dialami para nelayan dan petani rumput laut.

Bisa selamatkah bumi???

2009-11-01T01:30:00.003+07:00

JAKARTA, — Forum Masyarakat Sipil Indonesia untuk Keadilan Iklim (Civil Society Forum for Climate Justice/CSF) mendesak negara-negara Annex 1 memenuhi komitmennya memotong emisi sebagaimana telah disepakati dalam Protokol Kyoto.

Perundingan Bonn Climate Change Talks yang sedang berlangsung (1-12 Juni 2009) seharusnya memastikan pemenuhan komitmennya dalam Protokol Kyoto, bukan menyodorkan proposal baru untuk mengamandemen Protokol Kyoto, kata CSF.

Pertemuan Juni merupakan saat yang tepat untuk mengubah arah perjalanan pembicaraan perubahan iklim. "Indonesia sebagai negara yang terkena dampak perubahan iklim harus memainkan peran dalam menentukan arah negosiasi, yaitu tetap fokus pada penurunan emisi secara nyata yang merupakan tujuan awal UNFCCC,” kata Koordinator CSF, Giorgio Budi Indarto.

COP 15 nanti benar-benar merupakan kesempatan terakhir dunia untuk mewujudkan keadilan iklim sehingga CSF meminta agar para delegasi yang hadir dalam Bonn Climate Change Talks II benar-banar mengambil tindakan yang dapat menyelamatkan dunia.

Masyarakat sipil juga meminta agar semua pembicaraan negosiasi Juni, baik mitigasi maupun adaptasi mengadopsi konsep HELP dalam solusi perubahan iklim yang ditawarkannya.

Masyarakat sipil Indonesia tidak akan menoleransi jika skema-skema penanganan perubahan iklim yang ditawarkan berpotensi merugikan masyarakat. Itu sebabnya, setiap tindakan konkret untuk mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim harus diambil tetapi tetap menjamin hak masyarakat.

Hal lain yang menjadi keprihatinan masyarakat sipil adalah mekanisme pendanaan yang seharusnya tidak boleh lagi bergantung pada model utang, proses manipulasi pengurangan emisi negara maju melalui mekanisme offset yang tidak akan dapat menstabilisasi volume GRK secara global.

Bagi Indonesia, upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi yang dilakukan tidak boleh lagi menimbulkan masalah baru, seperti konversi lahan tanaman pangan ke lahan tanaman bahan baku biofuel yang akan mengurangi kapasitas produksi pangan, atau pun mengubah ekosistem rawa gambut dan laut sebagai penyeimbang iklim mikro dan makro yang sangat erat dengan kepentingan ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya setempat.

Pengelolaan utang ekologis sebaiknya dilakukan melalui mekanisme transitional justice. Kejahatan-kejahatan lingkungan harus diproses terlebih dahulu untuk menegakkan keadilan kepada para korban, dan untuk pemulihan ekosistem yang telah dirusak dalam praktek-praktek eksploitasi kekayaan alam oleh para korporasi multi nasional.

Forum masyarakat sipil Indonesia untuk keadilan iklim menegaskan, negara maju wajib mengontrol dan mengevaluasi investasi-investasinya di sektor kehutanan-perkebunan, di mana kedua sektor ini memasok kebutuhan primer mereka, yang berdampak kepada pembukaan kawasan hutan dan rawa gambut di Indonesia untuk industri perkebunan sawit dan hutan tanaman industri.

Mereka juga harus memastikan agar proyek-proyek uji coba dan modeling reducing emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD) yang didanai tidak melanggar hak-hak masyarakat terhadap kawasan adat, hutan, dan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia.

Tanpa memperhatikan berbagai hal tersebut, penanganan perubahan iklim tidak akan tercapai, dan perundingan UNFCCC hanya menjadi ajang bisnis karbon yang gagal menyelamatkan bumi ini, demikian CSF.

Put ASEAN Voice on Climate Change Deal

2009-11-01T00:50:00.000+07:00

HUA HIN, - Head of state and head of government of member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) together sounds related to climate change. Director General for ASEAN Affairs Department Djauhari Oratmangun met on the sidelines of the event series of the ASEAN Summit to 15 in Hua Hin, Thailand, Saturday (24/10) night said the attitude of unity of ASEAN leaders have poured in "Joint Statement".

In a joint statement, the ASEAN countries appealed to the Annex 1 countries to immediately reduce sharply the greenhouse gas emissions. Djauhari tells us that in this climate change issue, developed countries must participate in efforts to reduce carbon emissions, as well as for developing countries. In addition, ASEAN has also called on countries in the region to maintain the beach and sea from damage due to the negative effects of climate change.

To succeed the Climate Conference in Copenhagen next November, ASEAN countries have also committed more strengthen cooperation between countries members and partner countries. According Djauhari, follow up on this joint statement, Minister of Environment of the member countries of ASEAN to address environmental problems. "They will meet in December this year in Singapore," he said.

In addition to the level discussed in the meeting of heads of state or government of ASEAN countries, the problem of climate change is also discussed in the meeting of ASEAN with the Republic of Korea in the ASEAN summit to 15. In a meeting with the ASEAN countries, the South Korean government declared allocated 100 million U.S. dollars to support the ASEAN deal with climate change. The funds will also be used for clean water management.

Meanwhile, environmental activist organization Greenpeace Southeast Asia ASEAN leaders to ask for more attention to the problem of climate change. According to the Campaign Manager of Greenpeace Southeast Asia Tara Buakamsri, ASEAN has felt the population consequences of climate change.

According to him, the countries of ASEAN have committed to stop the deforestation and implement low-carbon development, and implement the agreement in Copenhagen conference which will be held at the end of 2009 this year.

ice in the Arctic will melt

2009-10-30T00:37:00.001+07:00

The researchers predicted, the Arctic Sea (poles) will be free of ice in summer within the next decade. After the spring over, the researchers re-measured the thickness of the ice along the 450 mile route across the Beaufort Sea. They found most of the ice is very thin.

Expedition leader and a sea ice expert from the University of Cambridge, Peter Wadhams, said in the spring of last year's average ice thickness is only 1.8 meters, indicating the age of the layer was about one year. Meanwhile, the ice that had for years about 3 meters.

Thin layer becomes important indications concerning the condition of ice in the Arctic Sea. "Simply put, the thin ice will disappear in an instant ice began to melt season," he said. Wind and ocean currents could also break the thin ice. Broken ice floating freely and be easily driven into the area warmer waters and melt. Catlin Arctic Survey and the international conservation group WWF supports these findings.

The situation in the Arctic ice is very influenced climate and natural conditions. Sea ice conditions in the Arctic is often also associated with climate change and global warming.

Perubahan Iklim Membuat Gempa Menjadi Lebih Dahsyat

2009-10-25T20:02:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com — Jauh dari gambaran lembut seperti dilukiskan mitologi-mitologi kuno, Dewi Pertiwi sesungguhnya gampang senewen dan meledak-ledak.

Dia begitu peka sehingga sedikit saja cuaca dan iklim berubah, maka tercabiklah kerak bumi, dan keluarlah letusan vulkanik, gempa bumi dan longsor yang semuanya dahsyat.

Pernyataan itu bukan dari pendongeng, melainkan kesimpulan sejumlah ilmuwan yang pertengahan September 2009 berkumpul di London, Inggris, pada satu konferensi bertajuk "Climate Forcing of Geological and Geomorphological Hazards".

Para ilmuwan itu menilai perubahan iklim bisa merusak keseimbangan planet Bumi, kemudian menghadiahi manusia dengan rangkaian bencana geologis.

Sudah lama diketahui bahwa antara iklim dan pergerakan kerak bumi saling berkaitan, namun baru kini ditegaskan bahwa betapa pekanya lapisan bumi terhadap udara, es dan air di atasnya.

"Anda tak perlu perubahan besar-besaran untuk memancing respons kerak bumi," kata Bill McGuire dari University College London (UCL), ketua konferensi ilmuwan itu.

Simon Dya dari Universitas Oxford, serta McGuire dan Serge Guillas dari UCL, memaparkan bukti, bagaimana perubahan halus pada tingkat permukaan laut mempengaruhi kegempaan di Patahan Pasifik Timur, salah satu batas lempeng benua yang menjadi mekar paling cepat.

Para ilmuwan memokuskan perhatian pada lempeng mini Easter - lempeng tektonik yang menghampar di bawah samudera di lepas pantai Pulau Easter - karena lempeng ini relatif terisolir dari sesar-sesar lain.

Fokus ini mempermudah upaya membedakan perubahan-perubahan dalam lempeng tektonik yang terjadi karena sistem iklim, dari yang tercipta akibat tumbukan.

Sejak 1973, datangnya gelombang El Nino setiap sekian tahun berkorelasi dengan frekuensi gempa bawah laut berkekuatan magnituda 4 dan 6.

Ilmuwan yakin, kemunculan El Nino dan terjadinya gempa bawah laut itu berkaitan. El Nino menaikkan permukaan air laut sampai puluhan centimeter. Ilmuwan juga yakin berat air ekstra bisa meningkatkan tekanan aliran fluida dalam pori-pori batuan dasar laut.

Tekanan ini cukup menetralisir energi geseran yang menyangga batuan agar tetap di tempatnya, sehingga sesar-sesar menjadi mudah bergeser. "Perubahan pada tingkat permukaan laut terjadi pelan dan usikan kecil saja bisa berdampak luar biasa besar," kata Day.

Letusan Vulkanik

Perubahan kecil di samudera itu juga dapat mempengaruhi letusan vulkanik, sambung David Pyle dari Universitas Oxford.

Setelah meneliti letusan-letusan vulkanik dalam 300 tahun terakhir, Pyle menilai karakter vulkanisme (aktivitas vulkanik) berbeda-beda, tergantung musim.

Katanya, letusan vulkanik di seluruh dunia 20 persen lebih sering terjadi di musim dingin (belahan bumi utara) ketimbang di musim panas.

Itu karena tingkat permukaan air laut global turun perlahan selama musim dingin, dan berhubung daratan lebih banyak di belahan utara, maka air menjadi lebih banyak membeku menjadi es dan salju selama musim dingin (belahan selatan).

Sementara itu, kebanyakan gunung api teraktif di dunia hanya puluhan kilometer dari pantai. Ini menunjukkan, penyusutan bobot samudera di tepi benua yang terjadi secara musiman akibat menurunnya permukaan air laut, bisa memicu letusan vulkanik di seluruh dunia, ulas Pyle.

Pandangan tentang beberapa gunung api meletus saat permukaan air laut turun, tak berarti naiknya permukaan laut akibat perubahan iklim, akan menekan aktivitas vulkanik.

Di Alaska, Gunung Pavlof lebih sering meletus pada bulan-bulan di musim dingin, sementara penelitian awal Steve McNutt dari Observatorium Gunung Api menyimpulkan, naiknya permukaan laut 30 cm setiap musim dingin, terjadi karena rendahnya tekanan udara dan kuatnya gelombang badai.

Lokasi Gunung Api Pavlof berada menunjukkan, bobot tambahan di samudera terdekat bisa menekan magma ke permukaan.

Di wilayah lain, berat estra samudera saat tingkat permukaan laut naik, bisa melengkungkan kerak bumi dan mengurangi pemampatan sehingga magma menjadi lebih mudah mencapai permukaan di gunung-gunung api terdekat, kata McGuire.

Semua contoh itu agaknya saling bertentangan, namun intinya setiap perubahan permukaan laut bisa mengubah tekanan di tepi benua yang cukup untuk memicu letusan gunung berapi yang sudah siap meletus, kata McGuire.

Perubahan kecil dalam curah hujan bisa juga memicu letusan vulkanik. Pada 2001, letusan besar di gunung api Soufriere Hills di Pulau Montserrat di Karibia terjadi karena tingginya curah hujan.

Curah hujan yang tinggi ini menggoyahkan kubah gunung api hingga cukup untuk memuntahkan magma dalam perut gunung api.

Kini, hujan tropis tampaknya sudah umum dianggap bisa memicu letusan gunung api, sedangkan menurut model ilmiah iklim, banyak kawasan, termasuk daerah tropis, bertambah panas akibat perubahan iklim.

Adrian Matthews dari Universitas East Anglia dan para koleganya, meneliti respons menit ke menit gunung berapi Montserrat setelah dikenai lebih dari 200 rangsangan selama tiga tahun. Tim peneliti menemukan, respons itu terlihat dari meningkatnya aktivitas vulkanik selama dua hari.

Hujan harian meningkatkan kemungkinan keroposnya kubah gunung api dari 1,5 sampai 16 persen sehingga tak perlu menunggu hujan besar. "Anda juga tak perlu badai (untuk menggerogoti kubah gunung)," kata Matthews.

Lapisan Es

Mungkin hambatan geologis terbesar selama perubahan iklim adalah dampak mencairnya lapisan es. Di samping risiko bahwa sedimen-sedimen goyah yang muncul karena es mencair bisa menyelinap masuk laut sebagai longsor pemicu tsunami, tanggalnya lapisan es juga bisa memicu letusan gunung api.

"Bahkan penciutan (lapisan es) puluhan sentimeter saja sudah cukup menciptakan perubahan," kata Andrew Russell dari Universitas Newcastle.

Contohnya glasier Vatnajokull di Islandia yang berdiri di atas batas lempeng dan sejumlah gunung api yang kemungkinan sirna dua abad nanti. "Jika itu sirna, Anda mesti berjuang membunuh kengerian dari membesarnya beban (samudera) yang akan meningkatkan aktivitas vulkanik," kata Russell.

Di awal zaman es terakhir, aktivitas vulkanik di Islandia utara meningkat hingga 30 kali lebih besar dibandingkan sekarang. Dan jika nanti gunung-gunung api di belahan utara yang tertutup es itu meletus, maka hamburan letusan akan menebari dunia.

Ilustrasinya terjadi pada 1783 saat Gunung Berapi Laki di Islandia memuntahkan debu belerang ke seluruh Eropa sehingga benua ini mengalami satu musim dingin maut yang membunuh ribuan orang.

Saat ini memang belum jelas berapa besar perubahan iklim akan memengaruhi frekuensi dan intensitas gempa bumi serta letusan gunung api mengingat kepekaan Planet Bumi terhadap iklim baru teramati intens belakangan ini.

Selain itu, belum cukup data untuk menciptakan model pemrakira cuaca yang mengaitkan kedua sistem. "Tapi yang pasti, aksi manusia semakin mudah memprovokasi Planet Bumi," kata McGuire.

BNJ
Sumber : ANT

24 small islands in Indonesia have disappeared

2009-10-17T18:01:00.000+07:00

BANDUNG, INDONESIA - Noted as many as 24 small islands in Indonesia have disappeared, either due to natural events, as well as human activity. But that's not how. Even more worrying, in 2000 another island was also threatened the country sank due to the impact of global warming. This was disclosed by Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Freddy Numberi when delivering a public lecture at the University Widyatama (Main), Bandung, Friday (2 / 10). This public lecture event was also attended by the Regent Sorong Stepanus Malak and Main academic community.

Freddy said, the 24 islands lost in the tsunami in Aceh in 2004, abrasion, and sand mining activities are not controlled. These islands of Pulau Sinjai Gosong in Aceh by the tsunami, Mioswekel in Papua due to abrasion, and Lereh in the Riau Islands due to sand mining. Global warming, he said, the most concrete threat and danger to other islands in the country.

According to the analysis with the Department of Marine Fisheries and the UN, in the year 2030, about 2,000 small islands in Indonesia will be gone. "I have a list of his, but I can not express here," he said. It is said Freddy, rising sea levels could reach more than 2 meters if there is no serious treatment in stopping the rate of global warming.

Not only in small islands, in simulations of climate change impacts, some coastal areas north of Jakarta will sink. "Soekarno-Hatta International Airport would be lost if there is no serious effort to reduce the rate of global warming. I believe the same, all brothers if alive at the time that one day I will remember this talk," he said.

The threat of sinking the island by sea level rise, he said, was not groundless. "Now, had truly happened," he said giving example of Kiribati and Tuvalu Islands. "The President of Kiribati has asked citizens of the world to accommodate its citizens as 'country' they have lost," he said. Citizens of countries located in the Pacific Ocean has been accommodated in Australia and New Zealand.

peta gempa/gambar gempa

2009-10-15T22:01:00.004+07:00

gempa sumatra ,tasik malaya INSONESIA

2009-10-15T21:40:00.003+07:00

Lokasi Gempa berkekuatan 7,6 SR, di Sumatera Barat yang terjadi tanggal 30 September 2009, termasuk gempa yang besar, dan lebih besar dibandingkan gempa yang terjadi beberapa waktu lalu di Tasik Malaya Jawa Barat, kerusakan yang diakibatkan gempa ini sama seperti gempa Yogya beberapa tahun lalu berikut peta lokasi gempa:

Lokasi : 0.789°S, 99.961°E

Sumber Gempa :

45 km (30 miles) WNW of Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia
220 km (135 miles) SW of Pekanbaru, Sumatra, Indonesia
475 km (295 miles) SSW of KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia
960 km (590 miles) NW of JAKARTA, Java, Indonesia

Peta Lokasi Gempa Sumatera barat

peta lokasi gempa sumatera barat

Anda juga bisa Lihat peta gempa di Google Map.

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Kitasemua berdoa, semoga saudara- saudara kita yang berada di sumatera barat, khususnya daerah2 yang mengalami bencana paling parah, agar diberikan kekuatan oleh Allah, dan senantiasa diberikan keasabaran, amii.…......n!!!!!

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FOTO-FOTO DAMPAK GEMPA:

gempa sumatra dan gempa tasik malaya indonesia.

Global warming caused Disaster

2009-10-12T19:56:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA, INDONESIA - Global warming is causing major health disaster. Countries in tropical regions affected the most vulnerable.

Concern was voiced by the health impact of a dozen professional organization incorporated in the health sector in the world. They expressed concern, among others through publication in the journal The Lancet and British Medical Journal, recently.

Concerns were expressed related to Conference of Parties-15 (COP-15) UN Conference on Climate Change (UNCCC) in Copenhagen, Danish, December.

In that publication, the doctors and other health professions view, failure to reach agreement on climate change negotiations in Copenhagen will bring a global health disaster. Tropical countries, mostly developing countries, with a health condition that is of concern, will receive the greatest effect.

Diseases

According to public health experts from the Environment Ministry of Health Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia, I Made Jaya, last week, global warming is the result of a series of hooks to each other phenomena, such as population growth, increasing demand for natural resources, industrialization, fuel consumption, emissions, increased temperatures, melting ice, the increase of water vapor, and the monsoon winds change direction.

He gave an example, with global warming, the greater the amplitude of the temperature. In the afternoon, the temperature can be much hotter and colder at night, depending on the region. Condition alone causes immune system so that people prone to decrease disease easily.

Even more worrying, the outbreak of diseases due to seasonal changes. "In the past, chickenpox is usually in September and October. Sign in rainy season, the growth of fungi and viruses more easily. But now, throughout the year there was the case, "he said.

Scarcity of water resources due to irregularities and the failure of winter water management will affect the food shortages and malnutrition diseases. Disease agents are also easily mutate. This is, for example, looks with the emergence of bird flu cases and influenza A (H1N1). Corona virus, for example, mutate causing SARS.

Many of the region is warming so that parasitic disease vectors, like mosquitoes, spread to new areas unprepared for the arrival of the disease carriers. (BBC / AFP / National Geographies / INE)

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2009-10-06T13:54:00.002+07:00

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2009-10-02T02:53:00.005+07:00

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earthquakes

2009-09-30T09:42:00.000+07:00

About earthquakes
The earthquake energy release is an event that caused the dislocation (shift) on the interior of the earth suddenly.

Causes Earthquake occurrence
1. Due to the movement of tectonic processes of skin / plate earth
2. Fault activity on the surface of the earth
3. Geomorphology movement locally, for example, occurs debris land
4. Volcanic activity
5. Nuclear explosion

Mechanism of destruction due to earthquake vibrations dirambatkan energy to all parts of the earth. On the surface of the earth, the vibrations can cause damage and collapse of buildings that can cause loss of life.

Earthquake vibrations can also trigger landslides, rock debris, and damage to other land damage settlements. The earthquake also caused a fire disaster follow-up, industrial and transportation accidents and flooding caused by the collapse of a dam or other retaining dike

No summer there 20,000 years ago

2009-09-29T07:41:00.000+07:00

Austrian scientists found that 13,000 years ago until 19,000 years there was no summer "real" on Earth.

When it, the average temperature in summer is very low and volatile.

Kerstin Huber, a scientist at the Institute for Limnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, declared in an academic report at the end that, according to the analysis of the remaining algae and pollen from sediment in Lake Lange, Carinthia, Austria, there was no summer in the area at the time, and series of fluctuations of almost 8 degrees Celsius.

According to the report, after the end of the ice age about 20,000 years ago, temperatures on Earth becomes increasingly warmer. Around 17,000 years ago, Earth experienced a drastic cold wave that lasted for almost 2,500 years. Until 14,500 years ago, temperatures rose again.

At that time, in the Lake Lange, the average temperature of water in summer has a quick change. During warm temperatures, the temperature reached 18 degrees Celsius, while in the cold, the temperature only reached 10 degrees celsius. Atmospheric temperature in the region also showed fluctuations conditions the same.

As climate change, conditions that would directly affect the various types of plants that grow, such as bushes. While grass and algae can survive at low temperatures, while trees and other plants just right for warmer weather.

It's very similar to tree-ring, the sediment is mixed with algae and pollen of terrestrial plants has been accumulated from day to day at the bottom of the lake, which also stores information about the climate.

Therefore, by analyzing sediment algae and pollen from various times in the bottom of the lake, will be understood that current climate conditions by identifying the types of plants there.

Some scientists Austria sediment core collected from depths of 3.4 to 4.4 meters at the bottom of Lake Lange, in line with the age of 19,000 to 13,000 years ago. By analyzing the types of algae and pollen in the sediment core, they concluded that the planet's temperature was low and volatile.

In the report, Hubert first place in the competition "scientists writing press releases 2009", organized by the association "dialogue-genetic engineering" through cooperation with the Austrian Press Agency (APA).

Global Economic Growth "Live" Again

2009-09-27T10:11:00.000+07:00

NEW YORK, KOMPAS.com - Chairman of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Dominique Strauss-Kahn, Wednesday (23 / 9) said that the global economy seems to be recovering from recession, but the crisis is not over. "Financial condition improved and the engine of growth seems to start again," Strauss-Kahn said in a speech at an international leadership conference in New York, according to the preparation.

"Not long ago, the global economy stands on the brink," he said as he warned "this crisis does not mean an end".

IMF Managing Director noted 186 state agencies have devoted a lot of resources to combat the financial crisis and the global economy the worst since the Great Depression.

Given the "panic" that followed the collapse of Wall Street investment bank Lehman Brothers in September 2008, Strauss-Kahn said that when "economic activity began to fall in a spiral."

Another Great Depression fears "are unfounded," he told the Global Creative Leadership Summit, meeting of heads of state, business and international leaders and Nobel Prize winner. "But these days the world looks different. The crisis is not over, but I hope the worst is now behind us. We seem to have turned a disaster," he said.

Chairman of the IMF stressed that the agency was projecting that the global recovery "first part" of the year 2010. "When the crisis took place, I think we've proven our assessments with our realistic estimate, both for growth and for credit losses," he said.

The IMF is scheduled to publish economic forecasts that the world updated on October 1. "As we see the global financial crisis at the moment, the worst since the Great Depression, the risk is very high," he said.

"The global economy could be facing ruin. But we stepped back from the brink, and the IMF certainly played its role," she said.

At the Summit Group of 20 (G20) in the United States, Strauss-Kahn also underlined the role of the IMF "as a policy adviser, particularly emphasizing the need for common, coordinated action."

"The IMF is one of the first to get the policy response is now a part of conventional wisdom, especially the fiscal stimulus and the need to restructure the banking system," he said.

Strauss-Kahn highlighted the institution's promotion of economic stability and world peace. "The stakes are very high in the low-income countries, where populations are very vulnerable," he said.

He noted that the IMF was created in the aftermath of World War II to fight the economic roots of war. "In many areas of the world, what is at stake is not only higher unemployment or lower purchasing power, but life and death itself," said the former French Socialist finance minister.

"Economic marginalization and poverty could lead to social unrest, political instability, or a breakdown of democracy. We could see the war. This is what we must avoid," he insisted, urging for "sustained assistance" to countries in need.

"When the nations of the world come together to address common challenges in a spirit of solidarity, we can achieve peace and prosperity cycle, and avoid the vicious circle of conflict and stagnation. At first glance, this may seem incidental to the role of the IMF. But no. This supports our mandate, "he said.

Strauss-Kahn's speech came on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly and before the two-day meeting of G20 leaders of developed countries and developing that opened Thursday in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Hosted by U.S. President Barack Obama, leader of the G20 are expected to discuss their efforts to an unprecedented effort to stem the economic, financial system reform, and climate change.

Found water on the Moon

2009-09-26T00:05:00.000+07:00

WASHINGTON, - Three separate missions both researching the Moon to find convincing evidence that there is water there. Water was available at the Moon's poles and perhaps formed by the solar wind.

Three reports will be published in the journal Science said Friday that water moves actively, sometimes formed and disappeared again as dngan mixing with the dust on the surface of the Moon.

One report is taken from the mission-Chandrayaan-1 India's first mission to the Moon. The data studied Carle Pieters of Brown University in Rhode Island showed the presence of water spectrographic evidence. Water is increasingly found in areas closer to the poles of the Moon.

"When we say 'there is water on the Moon', we tidakmerujuk the lake, ocean or pool. Water on the Moon which we mean the water molecules and hydroxyl (hydrogen and oxygen) that interact with the molecules of rock and dust on the top layer of the Moon's surface, "Pieters said.

While Jessica Sunshine of the University of Maryland using infrared mapping of the Deep Impact spacecraft to prove the existence of water on the Moon. Another researcher, Roger Clark of the U.S. Geological Survey using the spectrometer - which describes the wave of light to analyze the elements and compounds the body - from the Cassini spacecraft found water.

Reports about the existence of water on this moon appears just as interested researchers to water on the Moon rising. U.S. Space Agency has long been looking for water on the Moon to support the base to be established there.

Next month the spacecraft Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS NASA will look for water with a vehicle crashed into the Moon's surface.

UNFCCC di Denmark

2009-09-24T23:56:00.000+07:00

JAKARTA-Setelah di Bali, konvensi badan PBB tentang perubahan iklim (UNFCCC atau UN Framework Convention on Climate Change) akan kembali digelar di Copenhagen, Denmark, Minggu (13/12/09).

Konferensi yang diselenggarakan pertama kali pada tahun 1992 itu bertujuan mendesak semua negara yang berkepentingan untuk menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer pada tingkat yang dianggap tidak membahayakan iklim bumi. Tahun ini, pertemuan itu akan menjadikan usulan-usulan untuk menggunakan pembayaran karbon untuk melindungi hutan di dunia.

Konferensi bertajuk "Forest Day 3" didedikasikan untuk membahas peran hutan dalam perubahan iklim, mitigasi serta perubahan adaptasi, dan akan difokuskan pada "Hutan Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Perubahan Iklim."

Para negosiator juga akan membahas kerangka kerja global REDD (pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca dari defortasi dan degradasi hutan). Dengan begitu negara-negara yang mengurangi tingkat deforestasi mereka akan memperoleh kredit untuk emisi gas yang berkurang. Kredit-kredit itu kemudian akan dijual pada pasar karbon internasional atau akan dialirkan ke suatu dana internasional.

Dalam sesi tanya jawab saat media briefing di Hotel Intercontinental, Selasa (25/8) pagi, Dr Agus Purnomo, mewakili pemerintah sebagai Executive Secretary National Council on Climate Change, menjelaskan, masyarakat hutan adat di Indonesia tidak memiliki perbedaan persepsi dengan negara-negara maju dan berkembang yang menghasilkan gas emisi terbanyak di dunia seperti China.

"Masyarakat dan desa itu adalah porsi yang besar, jadi dari pemerintah mereka yang memiliki tanggung jawab besar seperti masyarakat hutan adat akan diberikan insentif sekitar 70 persen," kata Dr Nur Masripatin, pemimpin tim REDD dari Departemen Kehutanan.

Earth's "Crying" in Norway Ice Layer

2009-09-20T12:54:00.002+07:00

NORDAUSTLANDET, -Glance glacier like other glaciers in the frozen Arctic. But in a closer observation, a painful face painted on the wall melting ice, which was the crying and the tears flowing river.

Image of 'Mother Earth' that was sadly seen by local residents during the process of melting, with melting ice and snow falling into the sea below.

Figure draw on Austfonna ice Nordaustlandet located at Svalbard Islands, Norway would almost certainly be used for environmental activists to protest climate change. Sea-level rise caused by melting ice is one of the main worries of the impact of global warming. Experts have warned that countries that are in the lowlands will be below the water surface.

Figure Mother Earth is crying was taken by a Navy photographer and lecturer Michael Nolan environment in an annual voyage to observe the glaciers and wild life around him.

Jon Ove Hagen, a glacier expert who is also a member of the World Glacier Monitoring Bureau (World Glacier Monitoring Service / WGMS) and Geosains professor at the University of Oslo, Norway, has confirmed that the layer of ice that gives the image of Mother Earth is 'crying' is continually shrinking as much as 160 feet every year for decades. Hagen has studied Austfonna ice since 1988.

Austfonna is the largest ice shelf area in Norway, precisely on the island of Svalbard Nordaustlandet. According to Hagen (59), has a broad Austfonna about 3000 square miles and is by far the largest ice sheet on Svalbard, and one of the largest in the Arctic.

He explains, glacier shrinkage on the surface in 12 years Austfonna averaged 160 feet per year. Geometry of the ice region, he said, is changing. The front continued to retreat, the bottom becomes thinner, with a depletion rate of three feet per year, while the interior thickened about 1.6 feet per year. Layer, said Hagen, decreased about 1.6 cubic miles of ice every year.

Austfonna is the area's second largest ice sheet in Europe after Iceland and Vatnajvkull in tersebesar classified seventh in the world.

Immediately Overcome Global Temperature Increase

2009-09-18T23:51:00.000+07:00